Izinga elikhulayo lokugula kusuka ekukhiqizeni okusha kanye nokwenza okwenziwe ngakho
Emuva ngo-Mashi 2013, umbiko omangalisa ovela e-US Centers for Disease Control (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CDC) wembula ukuthi cishe ingxenye, u-46% okucacile, kuzo zonke izifo zokudla eziholela esibhedlela noma ukufa phakathi kuka-1998 kuya ku-2008 ukukhiqizwa okusha. Lesi sibalo senze abantu babe phezulu ekukhenikeleni kokukhiqizwa okufanelekile.
Lokho umbiko okwakubonisa ukuthi iMelika ejwayelekile yilezi ukuthi ngenkathi izithelo nemifino ezisha ziyizimboni zokudla okunempilo, lapho zingasetshenziswanga ngendlela efanele, zingabulala.
Ukusabela Kwemboni Yomkhiqizo Kumbiko
Ngokujabulisayo, umbiko we-CDC awuzange ufike ezindlebeni zezithulu. Lapho kukhululwa umbiko, impendulo yokuqala evela ezinhlanganweni zezimboni ezifana ne-Produce Marketing Association (PMA) yayisibizo esenzweni. Ngokusho kukaBryan Silbermann, umongameli kanye ne-CEO ye-PMA, unikezwe ukuthi imboni ithatha kanjani ukuphepha kokudla ngokujulile, umbiko ubebhekwa njengelungelo "lokuthola ucwaningo olusha oluhlosiwe nokufunda ukwenza imboni yethu kanye nemithombo ye-PMA iphumelele ngokwengeziwe." Umqondo wokuthi umbiko onjalo wokumangala nokungahlelekile wukuphepha komphakathi uzohlangana nombiko wokuqhuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngokududuzayo, kodwa kuphela uma ukusabela kusenziwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kubonakala sengathi isimo sihamba ngcono.
Lokho okushiwo yi-Research Sayne's Illness and Acne Fresh
Ngokwezifundo eziningana, i-CDC ithole ukuthi phakathi kuka-1996-2011, ukugula okuvela ku-E. coli kwaba ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-42 kanti izifo ezisekelwe e-Listeria zahla ngamaphesenti angama-35. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqubuka kweSalmonella empeleni kwanda ngamaphesenti amathathu ngaphezu kwesikhathi esifanayo.
I-CDC ineminye imibiko ekhombisa nokuthi ukugula okuvela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokudla okudliwayo kunqatshelwe kakhulu isikhathi. Kodwa njengoba uSilbermann ekhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ngo-2013, "kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimpumelelo yangaphambilini ekunciphiseni ukugula okudlayo, asikwazi ukulahlekelwa isithombe esiphezulu: ukuthi ukugula okuvela emithonjeni emisha kuningi kakhulu."
Ngenkathi umbiko we-CDC ka-2013 ngenani elikhulayo lokugula okutholakala ekutheni ukudlala esibhedlela ngenxa yemikhiqizo esisha kwakungekho uphawu, kunezici eziningana eziye zaholela i-CDC ne-Federal Drug Administration (FDA) ukuba ingagxili isibhamu ngokukhomba iminwe kuphela imboni yemikhiqizo. Nakuba isibalo sokubikwa kokugula okubikiwe okuhlobene nokudla kuhlanganiswe nemikhiqizo emisha eminyakeni eminingi edlule kuye kwanda, kanjalo nokuzibophezela kwe-ejensi kuye kwazinikezela ekuthuthukiseni ukubhekwa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo esisha. Ukungacabangi ngezici ezinjalo kungaba okungenandaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungaba njalo ukuhlukumeza ukutholakala kombiko ka-2013 njengendlela yokuqhubeka kwemvelo. Naphezu kokutholakala kombiko, i-CDC ayisho ukuthi amaMelika aqaphele imikhiqizo emisha. Eqinisweni, okuphambene nalokho kuyaqhubeka. Lo mbiko ubuyekeze ukubaluleka kwezithelo nemifino ekudleni okunempilo.
Yize kungakapheleli, kuyaduduza ukubona ukuthi imboni yokukhiqiza igcina ukuzibophezela kwayo empilweni nasekuphepheni. I-PMA, isibonelo, isitshale izigidi zamaRandi ekucwaningeni kokuphepha kokudla futhi yaba nesandla ekwakheni Isikhungo Sokuphepha Kwezokukhiqiza (CPS) eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Davis-Riverside njengendawo yokuhlanza kanye nemithombo yokuxhasa ngemisebenzi yokucwaninga ngokuphepha. Kodwa kusadingeka kwenziwe umsebenzi.
Okushiwo yiSikhungo Sokukhiqiza Senza
Njengomongameli we-PMA, uSilbermann uphinde wakhulume lokho okwakwazi kakade, ukuthi iseluleko esiphathelene nokufakwa kwezithelo nemifino esisha ekudleni okunempilo asishintshile.
Wathi, "Yini eguqukile," kusho imikhuba yokuphepha embonini yokudla, eguqukela ekuthuthukeni kwesayensi nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. " Ngenhlanhla, iningi liyakwenza.
Ngokwesibonelo, thatha umkhankaso Wokuzithandela Wokukhiqiza Ukukhiqiza owawunikwe yiCanada Produce Marketing Association, GS1 US, i-United Fresh Produce Association, kanye ne-PMA. Lesi sinyathelo sabeka izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa zokukhiqiza izinkampani ukuba zilandele ngokugcwele - ezimweni eziningi kuze kube yilapho zikhomba irowu ensimini lapho kuthathwe khona utamatisi noma ukuthi yini isihlahla se-orange embi esivela. Ngezindlela eziningi, amazinga e-PTI wokuthobela ngokuzithandela aphakeme kunalawo asetshenziswa uhulumeni, ngisho nokusungulwa koMthetho wokuPhathwa kokuPhathwa kokuPhepha nokuPhepha ngasekuqaleni kuka-2013. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo zezindlela ezinkulu zemikhakha kanye nama-ejensi kahulumeni, kokubili uhulumeni kanye nabaholi bemboni babona isidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nemikhuba emisha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo esisha, engasetshenziswa (okungenani ingxenye) ngabathengi.
Indlela Abathengi Ababa Ngayo Ukushayela Imithetho Yokuphepha Yokudla
Okukhuthazwa kakhulu kusukela ekukhululweni kombiko we-CDC ka-2013 ukuthi abathengisi babeka izindinganiso eziphakeme nakakhulu kubalimi, abathengisi, kanye nezindawo zokusabalalisa zomkhiqizo omusha. Ngokuqhubekayo, abathengisi bafuna ukuthunyelwa kwe-PTI-okuhambisanayo futhi benqaba ukwenza ibhizinisi nezinkampani ezingahambisani nazo.
"IWashington inebhebhe yerabha; abathengi banamapulangwe, "kusho umxhumanisi wokuphepha kokudla uGary Fleming weRedline Solutions eSanta Clara, CA, obhala iningi le-PTI.
Imboni yemikhiqizo ibona lokhu futhi. "Sibeka imali yethu lapho umlomo wethu uhambelana nokucwaninga kwe-CPS nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuphepha," kusho uSilbermann, "futhi siyabona, nsuku zonke ukuthi lo mzamo ngeke usaqedwa. Ukuze abathengi bazuze, njengoba i-CDC ithi, kusukela ekudleni okugcwele izithelo nemifino, kumele sigcine ukuzethemba kwabo ngokulondoloza lezo zithelo kanye nemifino. "Ekupheleni kosuku, abathengi kumele baqhubeke befuna izindlela zokucwaninga nokuphepha ezigcina ukudla okunempilo okuphephile ukuze imikhuba yokulawulwa nokuphepha izoqhubeka iguquke ukuze ibe ngcono.
Imithombo:
Umdwebi, uJohn A., uRobert M. Hoekstra, u-Tracy Ayers, uRobert V. Tauxe, uChristopher R. Braden, uFrederick J. Angulo noPatricia M. Griffin. "Ukunikezwa kwezifo zokudla, izibhedlela, nokufa ekudleni kwempahla ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yokubhuka, i-United States, ngo-1998-2008." Emerg. I-Infect. Dis. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Ezikhulayo 19.3 (2013): 407-15.
U-Tauxe, uRobert. "Ukwesaba Okusha: Indlela Yokugwema Ukudla Okudlayo Ngezithelo Nemifino." I-Nutrition Action Newsletter (Disemba 2006): 3-6.