Iqiniso Elibangelwa Ingozi Yokudla Yokudla
Ezimpilo zethu zansuku zonke, iningi lethu aliphiki ukuphepha kokudla kwethu. Kungumcabango ongathintekiyo wokuthi into esiyibhekayo ekubeni enempilo futhi enempilo ingasenza sigule noma sibulawe. Kodwa izifo ezidla ukudla zingenza ngisho nokukhiqiza okunempilo, amaqanda, nenyama ebulalayo. Ngakho-ke ukupheka kokudla kwethu kuphephile kangakanani?
Okushiwo yizindaba ezikusitshelayo mayelana nokuphepha kokudla
Uma kuneziqhumane zokugula okubangelwa ukudla, zivele zithatha izihloko zezinhloko kanye nokuqaphela abathengi kuyo yonke indawo.
Ehlobo ngo-2011, ukuqubuka kweListeriosis ebuyele emuva ku-cantaloupe epulazini laseColorado kwabulala abantu abangu-30 nezinqwaba eziningi ezigulayo. Ngo-Ephreli 2012, abantu abangama-425 baseMelika bathola iSalmonella kusukela kulokho i-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) ebizwa ngokuthi "umkhiqizo we-tuna owenziwe nge-raw scraped" osetshenziselwa amasushi. Isimo esinobuthi endaweni yokupakisha yase-peanut manje engasese e-Baxley, eGeorgia eyabangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-Salmonella okwabulala abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kanye nabangu-691 abagulayo emazweni angu-46 ngo-2008 kuya ku-9 kwakuyi-flashpoint yokubhekisisa kokuphepha kokudla emkhiqizweni imboni.
Lezo zihloko ziyisiqephu se-iceberg. Ukuvakashelwa okusheshayo kwiwebhusayithi ye-CDC ukuze uthole umbiko ogcwele kungase kusabise nawe ekudleni okunomsoco. Kodwa bangaki abantu abagula ngokudla?
Ukuphepha Kwezokudla Kweqiniso kanye nezibalo Zokugula Zokudla
I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-6 baseMelika ugula ngento edla ngayo ngonyaka.
Kulabo bantu, abantu abangaba ngu-128 000 bayiswa esibhedlela futhi abangu-3 000 bafa. Nakuba lezo zibalo zingenasisindo esiningi kakhulu, masizibone.
Nsuku zonke, kudla ukudla okuyizinkulungwane eziyi-1 eMelika, okungezelelwa ku-400 billion ngonyaka. Ngokusekelwe kokulinganiswa kokugula kokudla kwe-CDC, eyodwa kuphela yazo zonke izidlo ezingu-133,333,333 ozidlayo cishe zizokubulala.
Lona isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-0000000075. Unamathuba amabili okuwina i-lottery. Ngokusho kweNational Weather Service, izinkinga zakho zokubulawa kwesiteleka somlilo kunoma yimuphi unyaka onikeziwe ziyi-1 ku-775,000. Nakuba izinkinga lapho kuziwa khona engozini yokudla okudlayo ngokuqinisekile ziyakwamukela, iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ingozi nhlobo nokho njengesibizo sokwenza umshini wokudla.
UDkt. Bob Whitaker, isikhulu sezesayensi se- Washington, DC-based Produce Marketing Association (PMA), inhlangano yomhlaba wonke yokuhweba emele abalimi nokuthumela ukudla, kanye nosihlalo we-Research and Technology Council of the Center for Produce Safety at the University of I-California-Davis iyavuma. "Uma nguwe ogulayo, awukhathaleli ngempela abanye abantu abayizigidi ezingu-100 abangenalo. Thina [embonini] sifuna ukuhlale siqaphela lokho. Umuntu oyedwa ugula kakhulu futhi yingakho siqhubeka silwela ukwenza kangcono nsuku zonke. "
Izinhlangano Ezibandakanyeka Ekukhulekeleni Ukudla
"Ngicabanga ukuthi ukudla kwethu kuphephile," kusho uDkt. Whitaker. "Uma ubheka izinombolo zabantu esizondla nsuku zonke ngokudla kwazo zonke izinhlobo, inyama kanye nobisi nezinkukhu futhi zikhiqize, ngicabanga ukuthi sinokudla okuphephile.
Sithole ubuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu kunazo zonke ngaphambili. "Kodwa akukhona nje ukushayela ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ekuphepheni kokudla, futhi kuwumsebenzi wezinhlaka zokulawula, uhulumeni wase-US kanye nezimboni zokudla ngokwabo.
Ngokwesibonelo, imboni yenyama yaphoqelelwa yiCongress ukuba ihlanzwe isenzo sayo ngawo-1990 ngemuva kokuqhamuka kweBrithani kwe-cow encephalitis (isifo sezinkomo ezibi kakhulu) ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Abakhiqizi base-US bezingulube, izinkomo, izinkukhu kanye nezinye izilwane zinikezwa njalo - futhi ngokuvamile bahlangana - izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezivela e-US ejensi yokulawula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni emisha yemikhiqizo , ngokuyinhloko, iwukuba ngokweqile ukuzilawula.
Ngenkathi kunezinhlelo zokuvikela zikahulumeni ezigcwele - futhi okunye okuzayo ngomthetho wokuphepha kokudla Congress ibhekene nomgwaqo wezinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule - ngemuva kokubukela imboni yezilwane ilwa nendlela yokusebenzisa izibambo ezingenamkhawulo ze-tape ebomvu ebomvu, abahlinzeki babone ukukhanya futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokunikeza imikhiqizo ephephile.
Ngaphandle kwemithetho yokuphepha yokudla, abathengi banesandla ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, abathengisi abaningi, abathengisi, nabanikezeli bezinsiza zokudla (ezifana nezitolo zokudlela, izibhedlela, izikole, njll) zidinga umkhiqizo ezivela emapulazini nasezikhungweni zokupaka ukuze zihlolwe futhi zingagunyazwa kuphela nguMnyango Wezolimo we-US kodwa futhi ngokuzimela, okwesithathu abacwaningi, njenge-Primus Labs.
Izinhlelo Zokuphepha Zokudla Ezintsha Nezobuchwepheshe
Njengoba i-PMA ihola phambili, imboni ngo-2008 yamukela ngokuzithandela i-Produce Traceability Initiative, okuyizinto eziqhamukayo ezihlose ukwenza yonke imikhiqizo edayiswe ezimakethe zaseMelika noma esetshenziselwa ukudla okulandelwayo emgqeni lapho ikhule khona. Ngenkathi ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kokudla jikelele kukhona (futhi njalo kuzoba njalo) inhloso eyinhloko, ukuthuthukisa imikhuba efana nokulandelela kuyoqhubeka ibalulekile ngoba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imboni ikhuthele kangakanani, izingozi zizoqhubeka zenzeka. Ngokukwazi ukukhomba ngokushesha ukuthi umthombo wenkinga, ukusabalalisa kwawo kungavinjelwa futhi umthelela wayo ongenakwenzeka.
Okubalulekile: Ukudla Kwethu Kuphephile Kangakanani?
"Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abantu abakhula futhi bakhiqize le mikhiqizo bangabathengi ngokwabo," kusho uDkt. Whitaker. "Ukudla. Ngezinye izikhathi ungalahlekelwa lokho. Kubalulekile ukuzikhumbuza njalo futhi sihlale siphapheme. Ngicabanga ukuthi imboni iye yakhulisa ngempela ukuphepha kokudla kuze kube iphuzu lokubaluleka okugxilwe kulo laser. Asikwazi ukuqeda izifo ezidla ukudla, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi singakwazi ukunciphisa amandla abo. "