Izakhi ozidingayo impilo enhle zivaliwe ekudleni okudlayo ngakho-ke umsebenzi wakho wokugaya ukudla ukuzikhulula. Ngenkathi yokugaya ukudla, ukudla kwehlelwa phansi kube yizicucu ezincane ukuze izakhi zingakhululwa futhi zifakwe emadongeni emathumbu amancane.
Kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu sokudla ukuze nje uhlukaniswe ngokwakho, ngakho-ke ama-enzyme okugcoba okhethekile adingekayo ukusheshisa inqubo.
Lezi zinkimbinkimbi azigcini ngokuhlasela konke ukudla; empeleni ziyizici ezikhethekile. Ezinye zilandela ama-carbohydrate , amanye amafutha aphule phansi, kanti amanye aphula amaprotheni ahlukene. I-enzyme ngayinye inesenzo esithile.
Ama-enzyme amaningi akhululwa futhi asebenze emathunjini akho amancane, kodwa ezimbalwa zazo zikhishwa ezigulini emlonyeni nasesisu.
I-Main Digestive Enzymes
Nazi izinyimba ezinkulu zokugaya, lapho zenziwe khona, nokuthi zenzani:
Amylase ye-salivary. Yenziwe futhi ikhishwe yizigcawu ezinomlomo emlonyeni wakho. I-amylase ye-salivary iphula isitashi ukuze ibe ngamaketanga amancane ama-molecule we-glucose. Kusebenza emlonyeni, kodwa uma ukudla kufikela esiswini sakho, i-pH acidic iyayichitha.
Lingual lipase. Yenziwe ama-serous glands ngolimi lwakho nangemuva emlonyeni wakho. I-lipual lipase isebenza emlonyeni nasesisu. Iphula ama-triacylglycerol (amafutha) aphakathi nesikhathi eside kuya ezinkolweni ezincane.
Pepsin. I-enzyme yokuqala yokugaya esiswini.
Amaseli aphezulu esiswini enza i-pepsinogen, eguqulwa ibe yi-pepsin yi-acid imvelo yesisu. I-Pepsin iphula amaprotheni phansi kwe-polypeptides nama-amino acids.
I-gastric lipase. Enye ye-enzyme yokugaya eyenziwe yisisu. Kufana ne-lipase yocingo, kepha idiliza ama-triacylglycerol amancane newaphakathi.
I-lingual kanye ne-lipase ye-gastric ibaluleke kakhulu ebusheni ngoba idiliza amafutha atholakala kubisi lomama.
Amylase ye-Pancreatic. Le enzyme yenziwa ama-pancreas futhi ifihlwe emathunjini amancane. I-amylase ye-Pancreatic iphula izintambo zibe ngamaketanga amancane we-glucose nama-maltose.
I-lipase ye-Pancreatic . Enye i-enzyme ye-pancreatic yenza futhi yangena emathunjini amancane. I-Pancreatic lipase ihlukanisa i-triacylglycerol ibe yi-diacylglycerols, i-monoacylglycerol, nama-fatty acids nama-glycerol.
I-Trypsin ne-chymotrypsin. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi ezimbili ze-pancreatic zinciphisa amaprotheni. Baphula amaprotheni nama polypeptides zibe ngama-polypeptides amfushane.
AmaPeptidases. La ma-enzyme ayenziwa ikakhulukazi emathunjini amancane, ngaphandle kweyodwa (i-carboxypeptidase), eyenziwa ngamaphancasi. Ama-peptidases asebenza emathunjini amancane futhi athole lapho ama-trypsins ne-pepsin beyeke ukunciphisa ama-polypeptides kuma-amino acid ngamunye.
Ama-enzyme e-Sugar. Lawo ma-enzyme amane akwenziwa futhi akhululwe ngamaseli egumbini lomathumbu omncane. I-enzyme ngayinye isebenza ngohlobo oluhlukile lweshukela:
- Sula. I-breaks sucrose (ushukela etafuleni) ibe ne-glucose ne-fructose.
- Lactase. Leli liphula i-lactose (ushukela lobisi) phansi kweglucose ne-galactose.
- Maltase. Iphula i-maltose ibe yi-glucose.
- Dextrinase. Iphula izinketho ze-glucose zibe yizingxenye ezithile zeglucose.
Imithombo:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-Human Metabolism." Edition Sixth. Belmont, CA. Inkampani yakwaWadsworth Publishing, ngo-2013.
USomolin LA, uGrosvenor, MB. "Ukudla okunempilo: Isayensi nezicelo." Uhlelo lwesithathu. I-Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
UMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo waseMelika, iNational Digestive Cleasehouse Clearinghouse (NDDIC). "Uhlelo lwakho lokugaya futhi lusebenza kanjani." http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Anatomy/your-digestive-system/Pages/anatomy.aspx.