Ukungondleki kuyisimo sokungatholi ngokwanele noma ukuthola umsoco noma izakhi eziningi kakhulu. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke izifo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukudla okunambitheka kuhlobo lokungondleki okwenzekayo uma uthatha okungaphezulu komsoco (noma izakhi) kunalokho okudingayo nsuku zonke. Amandla angenamsoco avamile emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States.
Ukungondleki kuyindlela yokuntula ukudla okungondleki okwenzeka lapho ungatholi okwanele komsoco (noma izakhi). Amandla angondleki kahle kakhulu emazweni angakathuthuki.
Ukuvuthwa kwama-Energy Nutrients
Ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokweqile kuzokubangela ukuba uthole isisindo ngaphandle uma ukwandisa umsebenzi wakho womzimba. Akunandaba ukuthi lawo makhalori angeziwe avela kumafutha, ama-carbohydrate noma amaprotheni ngoba umzimba wakho ungathatha noma yini engayidingi futhi uyigcine njengamafutha. Ukweqisa ngokweqile noma okugqamile kuyisici esiyingozi engozini yesifo senhliziyo, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kanye nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela.
Ukwelapha lolu hlobo lokudla ngokweqile kudinga ukulungiswa kokudla ukunciphisa amakholori amaningi futhi uthuthukise ukulinganisela kokudla ukuze ufake izithelo nemifino eminingi, imithombo yonke yezinhlamvu ze-calcium kanye nemithombo yamaprotheni enempilo enezinhlambalwa ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusiza ukwandisa umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca futhi ugweme ukudla okungenamsoco, okungukudla okungaphezulu kwama-khalori kodwa kunenani lokudla okunomsoco.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhathazeka kwezokwelapha, i-hypothyroidism enjalo kwenza kube nzima ukulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi.
Ukuphefumula kwama Micronutrients
Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole amavithamini amaningi noma amaminerali amaningi, kodwa ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka uma uthatha ama-megadoses wezithako zokudla. Ukuthola okuningi kunoma iyiphi i-micronutrient ekudleni akuvamile.
Ukudla ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali kungabangela uketshezi olunzima, njengokuthatha amaphilisi amaningi ensimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma kungaba okungapheli, isibonelo ukuthatha amanani amaningi kavithamini B-6 ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga. I-Institute of Medicine iye yasungula imingcele ephezulu ebekezelelekayo yamakhamronutrients amaningi, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lolu hlobo lokungondleki ukuhlala kude ne-megadoses yezingxenye zokudla ngaphandle kokuba iqondiswe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Ukungondleki kwamandla emithombo yamandla
Ukudla okungondleki kuyindlela yokuntula ukudla okungondleki abantu abavame ukukusho umabenzisa igama elithi 'ukungondleki.' Amandla angondleki kahle, noma ukungondleki kwamaprotheni-energy (PEM), kwenzeka uma ungatholi amandla anele. Izingane ezingondleki kahle zihlushwa isisindo kanye nezinkinga zokufunda nokufunda. Abesifazane abanesisindo esiphansi besifazane bavame ukubeletha izinsana ezinesisindo esiphansi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-PEM. Inhlanhla, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i- marasmus , iyindlela enzima yokungondleki ngenxa yokungabi namandla okwanele, okuholela ekukhuleni okuncane, ukungapheli, ngisho nokufa. Umzimba uchitha izicubu zawo ukuze uphile, futhi umzimba uqala ukubonakala. Olunye uhlobo lwe-PEM lwenzeka ngokuntuleka kwamaprotheni ngisho noma kukhona ama-carbohydrate noma amafutha ekudleni.
Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi kwashiorkor . Abantu abane-kwashiorkor banezandla nemilenze emincane futhi bavimbela izibeletho.
Amandla okudla okunomsoco ukungondleki kwenzeka lapho abantu bengadli ukudla okwanele ngoba abanakho ukudla okwanele noma abakwazi noma abangathandi ukudla. Izifo ezithile, njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, zingabangela ukungondleki. Ukungondleki kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi ngokuvamile ukudla okukhethekile okwelashwa kuyadingeka.
Ukungondleki kwamakhemikhali
Ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin noma kwe-mineral kwenzeka lapho ukudla kwakho kuphelile, futhi kungenzeka uma uthola amakholori alungile noma cha. I-iron ne- calcium ngokuvamile ayeneli ekudleni okujwayelekile.
Kwezinye izimo, ukungabi khona kwesifo kubangelwa isifo, njengesifo se-anemia esiyingozi esiholela ekuntulekeni kwevithamini B-12. Izimpawu ngokuvamile aziveli ngokushesha, kodwa kuphakama izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwehluleka kwamakhemikhali kungaphathwa ngokulungisa ukudla, ukwengeza izithako zokudla noma ukwelapha noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okuyisisekelo.
Imithombo:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-Human Metabolism." Edition Sixth. Belmont, CA. Inkampani yakwaWadsworth Publishing, ngo-2013.
USomolin LA, uGrosvenor, MB. "Ukudla okunempilo: Isayensi nezicelo." Uhlelo lwesithathu. I-Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
Uhlelo Lokudla Lomhlaba. "Kuyini ukungondleki?" http://www.wfp.org/hunger/malnutrition.
I-World Health Organization. "Ukungondleki kahle." http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/.