Ukudla okusebenzayo kwaqala njengomqondo ema-1980 eJapane, lapho kwachazwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "ukudla okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezempilo okucacisiwe." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukudla okusebenzayo kuye kwaba yindlela yokudla nokudla okunomsoco.
Ukudla okusebenzayo kungenza okungaphezu nje kokunikeza ama-macronutrients kanye ne-micronutrients umzimba wakho udinga ukuphendula okujwayelekile kwemvelo. Zinezinhlanganisela noma izithako ezingasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yempilo ethile noma ukukhuthaza impilo engcono.
Lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zenzeke ngokwemvelo ekudleni kokusebenza, noma zinganezelwa ngesaziso noma ukucebisa.
Iziphi ukudla okusebenzayo okushoyo
Igama elithi "ukudla okusebenzayo" alinayo incazelo engokomthetho e-United States, kodwa ichazwa yi-Institute of Food Technologists ngokuthi "ukudla noma izingxenye zokudla ezihlinzeka ngempilo ngaphandle kokudla okuyisisekelo." I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayinayo incazelo, kodwa ilawula ukuthi yiziphi izimangalo zempilo ezingenziwa emabhalweni okudla neziphuzo.
I-Health Canada ichaza ukudla okusebenzayo njengokuthi "kufana nokubonakala okufanayo, noma mhlawumbe, ukudla okuvamile kuyadliwa njengengxenye yokudla okujwayelekile, futhi kuboniswa ukuthi kunezinzuzo zomzimba futhi kuncishise ingozi yezifo ezingapheli ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyisondlo." I-European Commission Isenzo Sokubhekana Nokusebenza Kwezesayensi Yokudla EYurophu ibheka ukuthi ukudla kufanele kusebenze uma kunomphumela omuhle emisebenzini eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yomzimba futhi kusekhona uhlobo lokudla, hhayi isithasiselo sokudla.
I-Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) ichaza ukudla okusebenzayo njengokudla "okufaka ukudla okuphelele nokudla okuqinisiwe, okucebile noma okukhulisiwe kunomphumela onenzuzo empilweni uma udliwe njengengxenye yokudla okuhlukahlukene njalo, emazingeni asebenzayo. " I-AND idiliza ukudla okusebenzayo ngezigaba ezine: ukudla okuvamile, ukudla okushintshiwe, ukudla okudokotela, kanye nokudla okusetshenziselwa ukudla okukhethekile.
Ukudla okuvamile
Lezi ziyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokudla okusebenzayo ngoba azishintshwe ngokucebisa noma isitifiketi; basesezindaweni zabo zemvelo. Izithelo kanye nemifino eminingi iwela kulolu hlobo ngoba zicebile kuma-phytochemicals njenge-lycopene ne-lutein, kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela ezizuzisayo.
Ukudla okushintshiwe
Ukudla okwenziwe ngcono, okuqiniswe noma okuqiniswa izakhi noma ezinye izithako ezizuzisayo. Ijusi le-orange eliqinile, elinama-folic acid elithuthukisiwe isinkwa kanye ne-margarine eyakhiwe nge-sterols zezitshalo kukhona ukudla okusebenzayo okushintshiwe. Iziphuzo zezamandla eziye zenziwa ngamagciwane ezifana ne-ginseng ne-guarana, kanye nezinye izinto ezingase zibe nezingxabano, nazo ziwela kulolu hlobo.
Ukudla kwezokwelapha
I-FDA ichaza ukudla kwezokwelapha ngokuthi "ukudla okwenziwe ukuba kusetshenziswe noma kulawulwa ngokungena ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukadokotela futhi okuhloswe ukuba kube nokuphathwa okuqondile kokudla kwesifo noma isimo lapho izidingo zokudla okunempilo ezihlukile, ezisekelwe ezimisweni zesayensi eziqashelwayo, esungulwe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. "
Ukudla kwezokwelapha kufaka amafomula akhethekile aklanyelwe abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zempilo.
Lokhu kudla kudinga usizo nokuphathwa komhlinzeki wezempilo.
Ukudla okusetshenziselwa ukudla okukhethekile
Lezi zifana nokudla kwezokwelapha, kodwa zitholakala kwezohwebo futhi azidingi ukuphathwa komhlinzeki wezempilo. Lokhu kudla kugcwalisa izidingo ezikhethekile zokudla ezibangelwa izimo ezithile zempilo, njengezifo ze-celiac, ukubekezeleleka kwe-lactose, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Ukudla okungenalo i-Gluten , imikhiqizo yobisi ye-lactose, kanye nokudla oklanyelwe ukusiza ukulahlekelwa isisindo kubhekwa njengokudla okusetshenziselwa ukudla okukhethekile uma unayo leyo mibandela. Ukudla kwezinsana nakho kulesi sigaba.
Izimangalo zezeMpilo
I-FDA ivumela izimangalo ezithile zempilo ukuba zibekwe kumalebula okudla.
Izimangalo zokuqukethwe zomzimba, isakhiwo nesimangalo somsebenzi, noma izimangalo zezempilo zingafakwa kumalebula. Izimangalo zokuqukethwe ezidlalayo zichaza okuqukethwe kokudla futhi zingabandakanya amagama afana ne "mahhala," "aphansi," futhi "anciphise." Ukudla kwama-calorie, ukudla okunamafutha aphansi, nokudla okunciphisa-sodium kubonisa lezi zinhlobo zamangalo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi kuchaza indima yomsoco ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho. Ithebula le-yogurt, isibonelo, lingasho ukuthi, "i-calcium yakha amathambo aqinile." Izimangalo zezempilo kufanele zivunywe yi-FDA. Isibonelo, ukudla okuqukethe amafutha omnqumo noma ama-oats kanye ne-oatmeal kungenza izimangalo ezithile mayelana nokuthi lezo zithako zithinta kanjani impilo.
Imithombo
I-Hasler CM, i-Brown AC; I-Academy Yokudla Ne-Dietetics. "Isikhundla se-Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Ukudla okusebenzayo." J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Mar; 109 (4): 735-46. http://www.andjrnl.org/article/S2212-2672(13)00680-1/abstract.
Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa E-United States. "Izimangalo Zobhaliso Zokudla Okuvamile Nezidakamizwa Zesidlo." http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm111447.htm.