Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid kuyaqhubeka naphezu kwezinhlekelele zempilo kubadlali
Izidakamizwa ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-steroids zingahle zihlukaniswe njenge-anabolic (anabolic-androgenic) steroids noma i-corticosteroids. Ama-corticosteroids, afana ne-cortisone noma i-prednisone yizidakamizwa odokotela ngokuvamile abayala ukusiza ukulawula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. I-Corticosteroids ayifani ne-anabolic steroids evame ukuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa okungemthetho kwezemidlalo.
I-Anabolic Steroids
I-anabolic steroids (i- anabolic-androgenic steroids ) yizinguqulo zokwenziwa kwe-hormone ye-testosterone yamadoda. Ziyiklasi yezidakamizwa ezitholakala ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngomshwalense futhi zinqunyelwe ukuphatha izimo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba osondelene.
Ukusetshenziswa okungezona kwezokwelapha kwe-anabolic steroids akuvumelekile futhi kuvinjelwe izinhlangano ezinkulu zezemidlalo. NgoJanuwari 2005, uMthetho Wokulawulwa Kwama-Anabolic Steroid wachitshiyelwa ngomthetho olawulwa yizinto ezilawulwayo ezangezela ama-anabolic steroids kanye neprohormones (i-precursor to hormone) ohlwini lwezinto ezilawulwayo futhi yenza izinto zibe yibugebengu bohulumeni. Noma kunjalo, abanye abagijimi bayaqhubeka nokuwasebenzisa ngokungemthetho naphezu kobufakazi bokuthi ukusebenzisa ngale ndlela kungabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezibi kakhulu.
Indlela Abasebenza ngayo
I-anabolic steroids yizidakamizwa ze-testosterone ezisiza umzimba ukuthi usebenzise amaprotheni angenayo futhi kusebenze ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha yamathambo.
Bayephuza ukukhathala futhi bangakha umuzwa wokuthokoza.
I-Steroids evame ukusetshenziswa
- U-Androstenedione (Andro) : U- Andro ungumklami we-designer ovame ukukhulunywa ngokuphathelene nabagijimi, nakuba kunobunye ubufakazi obuphathelene nesayensi ukusekela ukusebenza kwawo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezemidlalo. I-Andro iyisithako esenziwe nge-hormone eyenziwa ngokwemvelo. Ngo-2004, i-US Food Administration and Drug Administration yavimbela ukudayiswa kuka-Andro ngenxa yokwanda kobufakazi obubonisa izingozi zempilo ezibucayi kulabo abasebenzisa leyo nto.
- I-Primobolan (i-Methenolone): Lesi steroid esivinjelwe siye saxhunyaniswa nabadlali abaningi beMalay League Baseball, kuhlanganise no-Alex Rodriguez. Ingafakwa noma ifakwe kwifomu yethebhulethi. I-Primobolan ibilokhu i-steroid ethandwayo phakathi kwabagijimi ngoba yenza amandla ngaphandle kwenqwaba yemisipha futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi eminye ye-steroids.
- I-Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG): I- THG enye i-steroid yomklami enesakhiwo samakhemikhali esifanayo namanye ama-steroids avinjelwe. Kubonakala sengathi i-THG yayenziwe ngokuqondile ukuze ingatholakali ekuvivinyweni kwe-doping. I-FDA ivimbele ukuthengiswa kwe-THG ngo-2003, ethi ayiyona isisetshenziswa kodwa isidakamizwa esingavunyelwe, esenza noma yikuphi ukudayiswa noma ukusebenzisa kwayo ngokungemthetho.
- I-Clenbuterol : I- Clenbuterol (i-Clen) iyinhlangano ye-beta-2 ye-agonist / iphikisana ne-bronchodilator ngezinye izikhathi enikezwe isifo se-pulmonary obstructive. Njengama-anabolic steroids, kungandisa ukwanda kwemisipha, kodwa futhi kunezimo ezimbi ezinamandla.
- I-DHEA: I- DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) yindabuko ye-steroid prohormone eyenziwa yizingqungquthela ze-adrenal. Umzimba uguqula i-DHEA kuma-hormone wesilisa nowesifazane wesifazane (i-estrogen ne-testosterone). Izithako ze-DHEA ziye zathengiswa njengama-supplement anti-aging kodwa ukucwaninga ngalokhu kunciphile ngalesi sikhathi. Izindleko zeDHEA zithathwe emakethe yase-United States ngonyaka ka-1985 futhi zazitholakala kuphela ngomuthi. I-DHEA yabe isenwe kabusha njengomsoco wokudla okunomsoco ngo-1994 ngemuva kokudlula kweDisetri Supplement Health and Education Act. I-DHEA isabhekwa njengento evinjelwe yizinhlangano eziningi zezemidlalo nabagijimi bexwayiswa mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Amanye ama-Steroids avinjelwe
I-steroid ye-anabolic ivinjelwe yizinhlangano ezinkulu zezemidlalo ezihlanganisa ama-Olympic, i-NBA, i-NHL, ne-NFL. I-World Anti-Doping Agency (i-WADA) igcina uhlu olubanzi lwazo zonke izinto ezivinjelwe ukusebenza okuvinjelwe. Ezinye zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:
I-Oral Steroids
- I-Anadrol (oxymetholone)
- I-Oxandrin (i-oxandrolone)
- I-Dianabol (i-methandrostenolone)
- I-Winstrol (i-stanozolol)
I-Steroids engenayo
- I-Deca-Durabolin (i-nandrolone decanoate)
- I-Durabolin (i-nandrolone phenpropionate)
- I-Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate)
- I-Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate)
Okwenza abagijimi bathathe
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezingane anabolic steroids phakathi kwezemidlalo kunethemba lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa kusakazeke, izidakamizwa ezintsha zakhiwa kwenziwa ngokuqondile ukugwema ukutholakala. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka njalo, amasampula egazi ne-urine kusukela eminyakeni edlule manje abuyiselwa ngesayensi entsha futhi evelela abadlali ababesisebenzisa izinto ezingekho emthethweni esikhathini esidlule.
Indlela Abathathwa ngayo
Ama-steroids athathwa noma ifomu lesipilisi noma ama-injection. I-dosing ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yenziwa ngemigudu yamaviki noma izinyanga, ngekhefu elifushane phakathi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ngebhayisikili." "Ukuqoqa" kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlobo eziningana ze-steroids ngesikhathi esifanayo. "Ukuphimisa," kuhlanganisa kancane kancane ukwandisa inani, inani, noma imvamisa ye-steroids ukuze kufinyelele phezulu bese kancane kancane kuthatha inani nomvuthwandaba walo muthi.
Amanani athathwa abahlukumezi be-steroid ngokuvamile aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-100 kunalokho okuzobekwa ngokomuthi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni.
Izingozi zezempilo
Kunezingozi eziningi zempilo ezivela ekusetshenzisweni nasekuhlukunyezweni kwe-anabolic steroids, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo.
Imiphumela emadodeni
- ukungabikho
- ukuthuthukiswa kwebele
- ukwehla kwamathambo
- ibhanti lendoda-iphethini
- i-acne enamandla nama-cysts
Imiphumela kuBesifazane
- Izwi elijulile
- ukukhuliswa kwe-clitoris
- ukukhula ngokweqile kwezinwele zomzimba
- ibhanti lendoda-iphethini
- i-acne enamandla nama-cysts
Ezinye Imiphumela
- ukuphuza ukubambezeleka kwentsha
- ukuphuka kwamathambo
- ukwanda kwe-LDL cholesterol
- kunciphise i-cholesterol ye-HDL
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo
- ukukhuliswa kwe-ventricle yesokunxele senhliziyo
- umdlavuza
- i-jaundice
- ukugcinwa kwamanzi
- I-HIV / AIDS
- isifo sofuba
- "ukufutheka okukhulu" - ukufutheka nokuhlukunyezwa
- mania
- ukuphinga
Ukuhoxiswa
Abagijimi abasebenzisa i-steroids bangathola izimpawu zokuhoxiswa lapho beyeka. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuguquka kwemizwelo, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala nokucasula, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulala nokuhlukunyezwa. Ukucindezeleka kungabangela ngisho nokuzama ukuzibulala, uma kungalashwa.
Umthombo:
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuxhashazwa Kwezidakamizwa (NIDA), iSteroid Abuse and Addiction, Agasti 2006.