I-Hyponatremia, ebizwa nangokuthi ukudakwa ngokweqile kwamanzi, ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile kwamanzi alula okubangela ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwe- sodium egazini. Uma kwenzeka kube yinto engavamile emidlalweni yezemidlalo, kuyaqhubeka kakhulu njengoba ukubamba iqhaza kukhula futhi izisebenzi eziningi ze-novice zifaka imicimbi yokukhuthazela.
Izimbangela
Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kakhulu, i-sodium ilahlekile kanye nokujuluka.
Umgijimi osemisa nje amanzi alahlekile ngamanzi uyoba nokuhlushwa kwegazi le-sodium. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela ingilazi yamanzi usawoti. Uma ulahla ingxenye yengxenye yesilazi (njengoba ilahlekile ngokuthukuthuka) futhi esikhundleni salokho ngamanzi kuphela, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium yeglasi kungaphansi kakhulu futhi amanzi ayancipha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka egazini lomdlali odlala ngamanzi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthuthumela ngokweqile. Umphumela uba hyponatremia.
Ukulinganisela okwanele kwe-sodium kuyadingeka ekudluliseni izimo zesibindi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisipha, ngisho nokuncipha okuncane kwalokhu kuhlushwa kungabangela izinkinga. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abagijimi abanamandla kakhulu bangalahlekelwa kuze kube ngu-2 amagremu kasawoti ngehora lokuthuthumela. Ukushintsha lokhu ngesikhathi somcimbi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni.
Izenzakalo zokukhuthazela
Ukujuluka okwedlulele futhi okwedlulele kwandisa ingozi yokuthi umgijimi uyoshintsha ukulinganisela okunamandla kokugxilisa igazi le-sodium.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-sodium ilahlekile ngokuthuthumela kubalulekile kulabo abasebenzisa amandla okuhlala isikhathi eside ukuze bashintshe noma yikuphi okulahlekelwayo.
Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi izenzakalo zokukhuthazela isikhathi eside, ezifana ne-Ironman distance triathlons, zivame ukuba nezokuphetha ngezinga eliphansi legazi le-sodium. Labo abasengozini enkulu yilabo abasendleleni ende kunazo zonke ngoba bavame ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi somcimbi.
Abagijimi abaphuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa ezinsukwini ngaphambi komncintiswano noma labo abayeka emanzini ngesikhathi semncintiswano nabo bangengozi enkulu ye-hyponatremia.
Eqinisweni, isifundo esashicilelwe eNew England Journal of Medicine sathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-13 eBoston Marathon abagijimi bathuthukisa i-hyponatremia ekuphuzeni amanzi amaningi. Ngesikhathi esinye isifundo esanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni afanayo sathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10,6 abahlanganyeli be-Ironman European Championship athuthukisa ukuxiliswa kwamanzi. Ngokucacile, ama-triathletes ama-female ane-racing isikhathi samahora angu-9 noma ngaphezulu abonakala sengathi abhekene ne-hyponatremia.
Izimpawu
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuxwayisa zivame ukucabangela futhi zingase zifane nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi zibandakanye izinambuzane, izimpande ze-muscle, ukuphazamiseka, inkulumo ephikisiwe, nokudideka. Ngalesi sikhathi, abagijimi abaningi baphuza amanzi amaningi ngoba bacabanga ukuthi bayamanzi. Ngeshwa, amanzi kuphela azokwandisa inkinga ye-hyponatremia. Ngokweqile kunazo zonke umdlali angase athole ukugubha, ukuhlaselwa noma ukufa.
Ukwelapha
Uma isibonakaliso sokuqala sezimpawu, umgijimi kufanele aphuze i-sodium ephethe isiphuzo sezemidlalo noma adle ukudla okusawoti. Okufanelekile, umgijimi kufanele ahlele phambili futhi alinganise ukulahlekelwa komzimba wakhe kanye nesidingo sokwakhelwa kwe-sodium ngesikhathi sesehlakalo, futhi uhlale ohlelweni lwe-hydration phakathi nomncintiswano.
Uma izimpawu zidlulele, udokotela wezokwelapha kufanele abonakale.
Ukuvimbela
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuba umgijimi ukuba agweme izinkinga ezinjalo ukuhlela phambili ngokuqeqeshwa ezimweni ezifanayo oyobhekana nazo phakathi nosuku lomncintiswano. Izincomo ze-Hydration zihlanganisa:
- Bala ukudla kwakho kwamanzi ngale ndlela elula .
- Sebenzisa isiphuzo se-sodium esineziphuzo zezemidlalo phakathi nohambo olude, izenzakalo eziphakeme kakhulu ezinde kunamaminithi angu-60-90 ubude.
- Ukwandisa usawoti ngosuku ngosuku lwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi komncintiswano, ngaphandle kokuba unesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukudla okuhlinzeka nge-sodium eyengeziwe kufaka isobho sezinkukhu, i-dill pickle, ushizi, i-pretzels, ne-tomato ijusi.
- Zama ukungaphuzi okuningi bese uvuka.
- Ngesikhathi se-marathon, umthetho omuhle wesithupha uzokuphuza cishe 1 inkomishi yetshezizi njalo ngemizuzu engu-20.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa imishanguzo yokulwa ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) equkethe i-sodium. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa zingahle zihlele abagijimeli be-hyponatremia.
Khumbula ukuthi bonke abagijimi baphendula ngokuhlukile ukwenza umsebenzi; okusho nokuthi izidingo zamanzi nezimodidiyamu zodwa .
Njengokuba njalo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ngokucabangela okukhethekile uma unomlando wezinkinga zempilo noma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi yesimo sempilo.
Imithombo:
I-almond CS, Shin AY, Fortescue EB, et al. Hyponatremia phakathi kwabagijimi eBoston Marathon. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1550-1556.
Isitatimende sokubambisana se-1st International International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, iNkomfa Yokuthuthukiswa Kwentuthuko, eKapa, eNingizimu Afrika 2005. Journal Clinical of Medicine Medicine. 15 (4): 208-213, July 2005.
UDanz M, Pöttgen K, Tönjes PM, uHinkelbein J, Braunecker S. Hyponatremia phakathi kwamaTriathletes e-Ironman European Championship. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 10; 374 (10): 997-8.