Kungani abagijimi besifazane benengozi ephakeme yokulimala kwe-ACL (knee ligament)
Abagijimi besifazane babonakala benengozi enkulu yokufaka ukulimala kwamadolo, ikakhulukazi izinyembezi ze-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), kunezigijimi zesilisa.
Abacwaningi banezinkolelo eziningana mayelana nezici ezithile ezibangelwa ingozi yowesifazane, kodwa lezi zinkantolo zisalokhu nje - izinkolelo. Naphezu kokungazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi abesifazane bahlupheke kakhulu nge-ACL, izinhlelo eziningi zezemidlalo zabesifazane ziye zaqalisa izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukulimala kwe-ACL yabathikazi babo besifazane.
Kuze kube manje, lezi zinhlelo zokuvimbela ziye zabonisa imiphumela emihle futhi zibonakala zizosiza abagijimi banciphise amathuba abo okulimala kwamadolo.
Yini Ebangelwa Ukulimala Kwe-ACL?
Ukulimala kwe-ACL kuvame kakhulu emidlalweni ehilela ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kokuqondisa, njengebhola lebhola. Ukulimala kwamadolo amaningi akubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa okuqondile noma ukuxhumana; zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzulazula okungazelelwe, njengokuthi lapho izinyawo zomdlali zihlwanyelwe khona futhi amadolo kanye nesifuba siphutha ngokungazelelwe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ufika ngokuphuma, ukuguqula noma ukulahlekelwa isinyathelo.
Kungani abesifazane besengozini enkulu yokulimala kwe-ACL?
Abacwaningi abaye baqhuba izifundo ngezizathu eziholela ekulimazeni kwe-ACL kubadlali besifazane baye bahlongoza imibono eminingana ngokuthi kungani abesifazane besondeza izikhathi eziyishumi inani lokulimala kwe-ACL njengabadlali besilisa. Izinkondlo eziphezulu zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- I-Q-angle
Uhlu oluvelele kakhulu lwe-anatomic emkhatsini wabesilisa nabesifazane abangabangela ukulimala kwe-ACL yi-pelvis ebanzi kunabesifazane kunamadoda. Lo mthelela uholela ku-"Q-angle" ebanzi, noma i-quadriceps angle. Lena yindawo lapho i-femur (ithambo lesifuba elingenhla) lihlangana ne-tibia (ithambo elincane lomlenze). Kucatshangwa ukuthi leli kheli elikhuphuka libeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu emadolweni wesifazane, okwenza kube luzinzile kunokudabuka kwamadolo.
- I-Anatomy ye-Knee Joint
Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezindawo ezincane ezinhlangothini lwebhande kuhlanganise nemigqa emibili ehlangene yethanga lethanga elibizwa ngokuthi i-femoral condyles. Isikhala phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokuxhumana, i-notch feminch, yindawo lapho i-ACL ixhuma khona i-femur kuya kwi-tibia. Abanye abacwaningi bacacisa ukuthi isikhala esincane se-notch wesifazane esingaba nesifazane singase sibe nomthelela omkhulu wokufaka impingement ye-ligament futhi ekugcineni kubangele izinyembezi ze-ACL.
- I-Biomechanics ne-Movement Patterns
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi, ngokujwayelekile, abesifazane banamaphethini amaningi okunyakaza emadolweni kunamadoda. Lapho ufika ngokuphuma, ukuxubha kanye nokugxila, abesifazane bavame ukugoqa ngamadolo ngaphakathi bese baphakamisa unyawo, okungaholela ekulimaleni kwe-ACL. - Izinkinga ze-Neuromuscular
Okunye okufundwa ngophenyo kuye kwabonisa umehluko ophawulekayo ekulawuleni kwe-neuromuscular kwabesifazane lapho kuhlaselwa. Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi umgijimi wesifazane ovamile unesicathulo esincane namadolo angaphezu kwesilinganiso semidlalo esilisa, okungabangela ukucindezeleka okuphakeme noma ukucindezeleka kwi-ACL.
Enye inkolelo ekhulunywa ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganisa ukukhathala kwemisipha nokuqina kwamagciwane. Ngenkathi ukukhathala kungathinta noma ubani, abanye banomuzwa wokuthi abesifazane bangase bahlupheke ngokushesha ngenxa yokukhathala komzimba kunamadoda. Lapho imisipha eqinisa ukuguga kwamadolo, ukuphikisana, namandla okunyakaza kudluliselwa emigqeni. Ngenxa yokuthi izigameko zabesifazane zivame ukuba zincane futhi zibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa nendoda, abesifazane basuke benesisindo esiphezulu se-ligament ukulimala.- Amahomoni
Ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane akuhambisani nokho, kodwa kunombono wokuthi izingxube ezahlukene ze-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone zingathinta amandla we-ligament nokuqina, okuba nomthelela ekulimaweni kwamagciwane kwabesifazane. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luzodingeka lwenziwe ukusho lokhu nganoma yikuphi ukuqiniseka.
Naphezu kwale mibono, asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yini ebangela ingozi yokwanda kwama-ACL izinyembezi kwabesifazane. Kungaba inhlanganisela yalezi zinto noma into engakaze ibonwe.
Amathiphu okuvimbela ukulimala kwe-ACL
Izinhlelo eziningi zokuvimbela i-ACL ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwe-ACL kubadlali besifazane. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukuqeqesha okudinga ukulinganisela, amandla, nokusebenza. Ukuzivocavoca kwe-plyometric, kufaka phakathi ukugoqa kanye nokulinganisa ibhalansi, kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo se-neuromuscular besifazane kanye nesisindo semisipha. Lezi zici ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa ingozi yabesifazane yokulimala kwe-ACL ezingeni elifanayo njengelomuntu.
Okusemqoka kokubili amadoda nabesifazane abambe iqhaza emidlalweni yokuqala nokuya emasimini ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono afanele ukuze kugweme ukulimala, kufaka phakathi izinyembezi ze-ACL.
Imithombo
I-American Academy yezigulane ze-Orthopedic, Izifundo ezintathu zihlola izimbangela, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-ACL kwabesifazane, i-News Item, ngoFebhuwari 26, 2005.
U-Griffin LY, et al. "Ukungalingani Okungahambisani Ne-Ligament Ligament Ukulimala: Izingozi Nezicingo Zokuvimbela" J. Am. I-Acad. I-Ortho. Ukuhlinzwa, ngoMeyi / Juni 2000; 8: 141 - 150.
Hewett TE, et al. "Umphumela wokuqeqeshwa kwe-neuromuscular on the incident of knee injury in athletes female: A okuzofundwa." Am J Sports Med 1999; 27: 699-706.
I-Santa Monica Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Research Foundation, i-ACL Injury Prevention Project.
U-Slauterbeck J, et al. "Ukulimala kwe-ACL kwabesifazane: Kungani ukungalingani ngokobulili futhi sikunciphisa kanjani?" I-Orthopediki Namuhla 23: 1, Julayi 2003.