I-Ban ivame kakhulu kuningi, kodwa hhayi konke, imikhiqizo engaphezu kwe-Counter
I-Ephedrine iyisidakamizwa esithathwe esitshalweni i- Efdra equisetina . Sekusetshenziselwe amakhulu eminyaka njengokubili okugqugquzelayo nokuziqhenya.
I-Ephedrine isivele itholakale emidlalweni eminingi yokudla kanye nemidlalo yezemidlalo futhi yamukela abagijimi nabangewona amageyimu ngokufanayo ngezinzuzo zabo ezibikiwe, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukwanda kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa kwamafutha omzimba
- Ukusebenza kwezemidlalo okuthuthukisiwe nokukhuthazela
- Ukwenza ngcono ukuhlushwa
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2004, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivinjelwe ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezingezansi eziqukethe i-ephedrine ngemuva kokubulawa kokufa okwabikwa ngokulandela ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
I-FDA ivumela ukuthengiswa kwezingqikithi ze-ephedra uma nje zingenayo i-ephedrine. Le mikhiqizo ivame ukutholakala eziningana zezinto ezithandwayo ezithandwayo zezemidlalo kanye nokunciphisa ukudla. I-Ephedra herbal teas nayo ivunyelwe ngaphansi komthetho wamanje.
Ukusebenza kwe-Efdrine
Naphezu kokudumile kwe-ephedrine ezenzweni zezemidlalo nezokudla, izifundo ezikhishwe yi-FDA ziye zaphetha ngokuthi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa kwazo ziyiqiniso. Phakathi kokuthola:
- Ngenkathi i-ephedrine ingakwandisa amathuba okulahleka kwesisindo esifushane, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi kuzohlinzeka noma yikuphi ukuzuza esikhathini eside.
- Akekho nobufakazi bokuthi i-ephedrine ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo noma ngokwandisa amandla, ukukhuthazela, isikhathi sokuphendula, amandla we-anaerobic, noma isikhathi sokuphumula ngemuva kokuvivinya umzimba isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekucwaningweni kwabo, i-FDA ithole ukuthi imikhiqizo equkethe i-caffeine ne-ephedra / ephedrine yanda nje izinga kanye nobukhulu bemiphumela emibi.
Izingozi zase-Efdrine
I-Ephidrene iphakathi kwezinto ezivinjiwe ezikhishwe iKomidi Lamazwe Olimpiki Wamazwe Omhlaba futhi cishe zonke ezinye izinhlangano ezinkulu zezobuchwepheshe noma ze-amateur.
Izingozi ze-ephedra zabikwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-2000 lapho isifundo eshicilelwe eNew England Journal of Medicine sabika ukuthi abantu abaningi babeshwe ngokuboshwa komzimba ngemuva kokuthatha umkhiqizo we-ephedra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufa akuzange kuhlotshaniswe njalo nokudla noma ukuphuza ngokweqile.
Ngo-2003, kuye kwabikwa ukufa okungaphezu kuka-40 kufaka phakathi kukaSteve Bechler, umgodi we-Baltimore Orioles. Phakathi kweminye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-ephedra / ephedrine yilezi:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile noma okusheshayo
- Ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isibungu
- Seizure
- I-Psychosis
Ukusetshenziswa Okusemthethweni Nokungavinjelwe
Ngenkathi i-ephedrine ivaliwe ekufakeni izithako zokudla nezemidlalo, isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezinjenge-bronchial asthma. Ibuye isetshenziswe kwezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha ezihilela i-anesthesia ukuvimbela amaconsi ayingozi emzimbeni wegazi.
Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngemithetho yokulawula izidakamizwa ezihluka kusuka kuhulumeni kuya kuhulumeni. Izifunda eziningi zizodinga abathengisi ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi bangubani futhi balondoloze amarekhodi azo zonke izimpahla.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezomthetho kwe-ephedra, kunezinsiza eziningi zezemidlalo namuhla ezithengiswa njengeziqukethe "iziqephu eziphephile ze-ephedra." Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, zenziwe nezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo, njengeCaralluma fimbriata , futhi azikho i-ephedra nhlobo.
Funda amalebula eduze nanini lapho uthenga le mikhiqizo .
Umkhiqizo owodwa we-ephedrine ongathengiswa ngokomthetho phezu kwe-counter kuyinto imithi yama-Chinese herbal eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Ma huang . Kuyinto itiye eluhlaza, yemvelo eyenziwe ngu- E. equisetina noma i- E. sinica. Lesi sici somthetho sivumela itiye ukuthi ithengiswe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa uma nje lingakathengi njengenqunquthela yokudla noma yengezwe kunoma yimuphi omunye umphefumulo wenkampani.
> Imithombo:
> Manore, M. "Izithako zokudliwa kwezinto zokuthuthukisa umzimba nokwehlisa isisindo somzimba: kuphi ubufakazi?" Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Met. 2012; 22 (2): 139-54.
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sempilo Ephelele Nezohlanganiswa: Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "Efratha." Washington, DC; Ukushicilelwa kwe-NCCIH D336; ibuyekeziwe ngo-September 2016.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. "Umbiko Wezobufakazi / Ukuhlola Ubuchwepheshe (Inombolo 76): i-Efrith ne-Efdrine yokuHlala kwesisindo kanye nokuPhuthukiswa komSebenzi wokuThuthukisa: Ukusebenza komtholampilo kanye nemiphumela emibi." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ukhiphe uMashi 2004.