Ikhono lezemidlalo lingathonywa izinhlobo ze-muscle fiber
Ungumprinta ongcono noma umgijimi webanga? Ungaba mkhulu kokubili? Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuba nezinsimbi zomzimba ezinomfutho noma eziphuthumayo kungashesha ukuthi yiziphi izithameli zezemidlalo ezihle kakhulu nokuthi zisabela kanjani ekuqeqesheni.
Izinhlobo ze-Muscle Fiber
Imisipha ye-squelette yenziwe izibopho zemicu ehlukahlukene ebizwa ngokuthi ama-myocytes. I-myocyte ngayinye iqukethe ama-myofibril amaningi, okuyizinhlayiyana zamaphrotheni (i-actin kanye ne-myosin) engabambelela komunye nomunye bese edonsa.
Lokhu kuyanciphisa imisipha futhi kubangele ukuhlukana kwemisipha.
Ngokuvamile kuvunywa ukuthi izinhlobo ze-muscle fiber zingahle zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izintambo ezihamba kancane (type I) ze- muscle fibers kanye ne- twitch okusheshayo (uhlobo lwe-II) . Amafayibha okusheshayo angafakwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngohlobo lwe-IIa nohlobo lwe- fibre IIb .
Lezi zihlukaniso zibonakala zithonya indlela imisipha ephendula ngayo ekuqeqesheni nasekusebenzeni ngokomzimba, futhi uhlobo olulodwa lwefiber luhlukile ekusebenzeni kwayo ngendlela ethile. Imisipha yabantu iqukethe ingxube yezofuzo zombili izinhlobo ezihamba kancane nezinyathelo ezisheshayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu banamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 okwephuza kancane futhi amaphesenti angu-50 afaka amafayibha okusheshayo emisipha eminingi esetshenziselwa ukunyakaza.
I-Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers (Thayipha I)
Amapayipi ama-muscle ahamba kancane asebenza kahle ekusebenziseni i-oksijeni ekhiqiza i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ukuze kuqhutshwe isikhathi eside. Basha kancane kancane kunamafayili okusheshayo okusheshayo futhi bangahamba isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba bakhathele.
Ngakho-ke, izintambo ezihamba kancane zihamba phambili ekusizeni abagijimi bagijime ama-marathon nebhayisikili amahora.
I-Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers (Uhlobo II)
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-fibrous okusheshayo asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-anaerobic metabolism ekwenzeni uphethiloli, kungcono ekukhiqizeni amandla amancane noma isivinini kunamathambo amancane. Nokho, bakhathala ngokushesha.
Izindwangu ezivuthayo ezivame ukukhiqiza inani elifanayo lamandla ngokuphambana okwenziwe njengezinsipho ezincane, kodwa zithola igama ngoba zikwazi ukushisa ngokushesha. Ukuba namafayili amaningi okusheshayo angaba usizo kumprotter ngoba udinga ukudala ngokushesha amandla amaningi.
I-Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers (Uhlobo IIa)
Lezi zimfucumfucu ezisheshayo ezijubane nazo ziyaziwa njengamafayili okusheshayo okusheshayo. Bangasebenzisa kokubili i-aerobic ne-anaerobic metabolism cishe ngokulinganayo ukuze benze amandla. Ngale ndlela, zihlanganisa inhlobo ye-I bese uthayipha ii-fibre muscle fibers.
I-Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers (Uhlobo IIb)
Lezi zinkimbinkimbi ezinomshini ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa i- anaerobic metabolism ukuze zenze amandla futhi ziyizicucu ze-muscle "zakudala" ezisheshayo ekukhiqizeni ukuqhuma okusheshayo, okunamandla okukhulu. Le fiber ye-muscle inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqhaqhaza (ukudubula okusheshayo) kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-muscle fiber, kodwa futhi kunesilinganiso esisheshayo sokukhathala futhi ngeke sikwazi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba sidinga ukuphumula.
Uhlobo lwe-Muscle Fiber nokusebenza kwezemidlalo
Uhlobo lwakho lwe-fiber fiber lungathonya ukuthi yimiphi imidlalo ongokwemvelo onayo noma ngabe uyashesha noma unamandla. Abagijimi be-Olympic bavame ukungena emidlalweni efana ne-genetic makeup yabo . Ama-sprinters ase-Olympic aboniswe ukuthi anezicucu ezisheshayo ezingamaphesenti angama-80 ngenkathi labo abahamba phambili ematheni ama-marathon bevame ukuba namapayipi ama-slow twitch angu-80.
Ungakwazi Ukuqeqesha Ukushintsha Uhlobo Lwe-Muscle Fiber?
Kunobunye ubufakazi obonisa ukuthi imisipha yomzimba yabantu ingashintsha izinhlobo zefiber kusuka "okusheshayo" kuya "kancane" ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa. Lokhu akuqondwa ngokuphelele, futhi ucwaningo lusayibheka lowo mbuzo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo lwama-muscle
Khumbula ukuthi ukungafani kwezakhi zofuzo kungase kuvelele emazingeni ama-elite omncintiswano wezemidlalo. Kodwa ukulandela izimiso zesayensi zesimiso kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza komdlali ojwayelekile. Ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo okukhuthazela, ama-muscle fibers angathuthukisa okuningi futhi athuthukise ikhono labo lokubhekana nalo futhi alingane nokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca.
Ingabe uhlobo lwe-Muscle Fiber Luyini Olwenza I-Elite Athlete Elite?
Uhlobo lwe-Fiber luyingxenye yempumelelo yomdlali omkhulu, kodwa yedwa yilabo abampofu abakwenzayo. Kunezinye izici eziningi ezingena ekunqumeni ukugijima, okubandakanya ukulungelelwa kwengqondo , ukudla okunempilo kanye nokwenza kahle, ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele, nokuba nemishini efanelekile kanye nesimo.
> Imithombo:
> Clark M, uLucett S, uSutton BG. I-NASM Eyisisekelo Sokuqeqeshwa Kwebuntu Kuqukethe Umagazini we-4th . I-Philadelphia: I-Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
> Amandla amandla SK, Howley ET. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba: Inkolelo kanye nesicelo sokufaneleka nokusebenza . ENew York: Imfundo Ephakeme eMcGraw; 2012.