Amaprotheni ayadingeka ekwakheni izingxenye zesakhiwo somzimba womuntu, njengemisipha nezitho. Udinga futhi amaprotheni ukugcina isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sisaphila, senze ama-neurotransmitter, udale futhi uveze ama-hormone, nokuningi okuningi.
Ama-proteine avame ukuba ama-molecule amakhulu akhiwe ngamabhlokhi wokwakha okuthiwa ama-amino acids . Isakhiwo esijwayelekile samangqamuzana e-amino acid kuhlanganisa iqembu le-carboxyl lama-athomu, iqembu lama-amine, kanye nochungechunge lwezinhlangothi.
Iqembu le-carboxyl liqukethe i-carbon eyodwa, i-oksijeni amabili, ne-athomu eyodwa ye-hydrogen. Iqembu le-amine liqukethe i-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen ene-athomu amabili e-hydrogen ehambisana nayo.
Zonke ama-amino acids angu-20 anemikhakha ehlukene ehlangothini, ehluke ngesimo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziqondile zama-athomu, ama-chain amakhemikhali ama-athomu, namasongo ama-athomu, kanye namaketanga ahlangene angabandakanya i-carbon, i-hydrogen, isulfure, i-nitrogen, nama-athomu oksijini.
Ukucushwa nama-molecule athola uketshezi ohlangothini yilokho okuhlukanisa i-amino acid kwenye. Ama-amino acid we-branched isoleucine, i-leucine, ne-valine futhi ayadingeka ukuze kube nesakhiwo semisipha. I-Tyrosine, i-phenylalanine, ne-tryptophan ibizwa ngokuthi ama-amino acid anamakha futhi ngalinye liqukethe uchungechunge lwezinhlangothi ngokubunjwa okwensimbi. Lawa ma-amino acids amathathu adingekayo ekukhiqizeni i-neurotransmitter.
Ama-Amino Acids angabalulekile
Ama-amino acid ayi-11 ayimqoka awabizwa ngokuthi "awunabalulekile" ngoba awabalulekile.
Kubalulekile, futhi umzimba wakho udinga ukuba benze imisebenzi eminingana. Lawa ma-amino acids abizwa ngokuthi "awubalulekile" ngoba awudingi ukuwathola ekudleni kwakho. Umzimba wakho ungakha lezo 11 amino acid kusuka kumakhemikhali asevele ekhona emzimbeni wakho. Ama-amino acids angabalulekile afaka:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- I-Asparagine
- I-Acpartic Acid
- I-Cysteine
- I-Glutamic Acid
- I-Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- U-Serine
- ITyrosine
I-amino acids i-arginine, i-cysteine, i-glycine, ne-tyrosine ngezinye izikhathi ibhekwa "njengento ebalulekile." Lokho kusho ukuthi iningi labantu lizenzele bona, kodwa abantu abanezifo ezithile noma ukungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo abakwazi ukuzenza, ngakho-ke badinga ukuzithola ngezidlo zabo.
Ama-amino acid ayisishiyagalolunye abalulekile abizwa ngokuthi "kubalulekile" ngoba awukwazi ukuwakhiqiza; kufanele udle amaprotheni aqukethe lawo amino acid. Zihlanganisa:
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- I-Methionine
- I-Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- I-Tryptophan
- Valine
Ingabe udinga ukukhathazeka ngama-amino acid abalulekile uma uhlela ukudla kwakho kwansuku zonke? Akunjalo Empeleni. Imithombo yezilwane yamaprotheni enjengenyama, amaqanda, nemikhiqizo yobisi "iphelele amaprotheni." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaprotheni ngayinye atholakele kumkhiqizo wesilwane aneziqu eziyisishiyagalolunye zama-amino acid ezibalulekile. Ama-Vegetarians kanye nama-vegans angadinga ukukhokha kancane kancane amaprotheni okudla. Amaprotheni okutshala abizwa ngokuthi "amaprotheni angaphelele." Iprotheyini ngayinye yezitshalo ayikho enye noma ngaphezulu kwezingu-9 ezidingekayo ze-amino acid. Kodwa-ke, wonke ama-amino acid atholakala kwesinye isitshalo, ngakho ungahlanganisa amaprotheni ahlukene ahlukene ukuze uthole wonke ama-amino acids oyidingayo.
Funda ngokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni we-vegan nemifino .
Kukhona amaprotheni amaningi ahlukene emzimbeni wakho, futhi enza imisebenzi ehlukene. Amaphrotheni imisebenzi ahlanganisa:
- Ukwenza umsebenzi we-enzyme okhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni
- Amaseli okusayina okufanele akwenze nokuthi uzokwenza nini
- Ukuthutha izinto ezungeze umzimba
- Ukugcina uketshezi kanye ne-pH kulinganiswe emzimbeni
- Ukukhonza njengezakhi zokwakha i-hormone
- Ukusiza i-clot yegazi
- Ukugqugquzela umsebenzi we-antibody olawula imisebenzi yomzimba nokuzivikela
- Ukukhonza njengezingxenye zesakhiwo ezinika izingxenye zomzimba zethu ubujamo bawo
Indlela Amaprotheni Aguzwa ngayo
Ukugaya amaprotheni kuqala emlonyeni ngokuhlafuna, okwenza ukudla kube lula ukugwinya.
Futhi kusiza ngokugaya ngokusika ukudla kuze kube yizinsimbi ezincane. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukuhlafuna ukudla kwakho kahle; Ungadli ukudla kwakho phansi ngokukhala okukhulu.
Ama-protein digestion aqhubeka esiswini kanye nokukhululwa kwamanzi okugaya afaka i-hydrochloric acid ne-pepsinogen. I-Hydrochloric acid iguqula i-pepsinogen i-pepsin, eqala ukudiliza izibopho phakathi kwama-amino acids. Le nqubo iyenzeka ngenkathi imisipha ezungeze isisu ishaya futhi igxile ukudla kanye nesisu zomzimba ndawonye.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo senzeke emathunjini amancane lapho i-hydrochloric acid isetshenziselwa khona nge-bicarbonates ekhishwe kuma-pancreas. I-pancreas iphinda ikhiphe i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-trypsin. I-Trypsin iyaqhubeka ihlukanisa ama-amino acids, abe esengena egazini legazi. Ngesikhathi esisodwa egazini, ama-amino acids athathwa emafetheni ezinxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba wakho. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa ama-amino acid ngamunye ukwakha amaprotheni adingekayo emisebenzini ehlukene.
Amaprotheni njengeNamandla
Ngeke ucabange amaprotheni njengomthombo wamandla, kodwa amaprotheni anika ama-calories ekudleni kwakho. Lawo makhalori kudingeka adunywe uma ubukela isisindo sakho . Igremu ngalinye lamaprotheni oyidlayo linamakhilomitha amane. UMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States ukhombisa ukuthi uthola cishe amaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 wamaphesenti akho avela kumaprotheni. Kumuntu odinga amakhalori angu-2000 ngosuku, lokho kungalingana namagremu angu-75 kuya kwangu-100.
Ukudla, izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinkukhu, amaqanda kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi yimithombo ephawulekayo yamaprotheni, kodwa ungathola amaprotheni avela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlamvu, ama-legumes, amantongomane kanye nembewu. Akunzima ukuthola amaprotheni ananele ekudleni kwakho. Imlenze eyodwa yenkukhu yedwa izokunikeza cishe amagremu angu-30 amaprotheni. I-salum eyodwa ye-saumon ine-40 amagremu amaprotheni, inkomishi ye-oatmeal inamagremu ayisithupha amaprotheni, futhi indebe ye-asparagus inamagremu amabili amaprotheni. Njengoba abantu abaningi bethola amaprotheni okwanele ekudleni kwabo, ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni akuvamile emazweni athuthukile.
Emazweni angathuthuki, ukungondleki kanye nokuntuleka kwamaprotheni sekuvame kakhulu. Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni kubizwa ngokuthi kwashiorkor. Izingane ezine-kwashiorkor zivame ukuba nezingalo ezincane kakhulu nemilenze nezindlala ezinkulu, ezihlukanisiwe. Ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni kungabangela ukwehluleka kokukhula, ukulahleka kwesisindo somzimba, ukusebenza komzimba wesiguli, izinkinga zamaphaphu, izinkinga zenhliziyo nokufa.
Imithombo
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-Human Metabolism." Edition Sixth. Belmont, CA. Inkampani yakwaWadsworth Publishing, ngo-2013.
USomolin LA, uGrosvenor, MB. "Ukudla okunempilo: Isayensi nezicelo." Uhlelo lwesithathu. I-Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
I-National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division. "Ukudluliswa Kwezinkuni Kufaka Amathebula Ne-App." http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.
I-United States Imnyango Yezolimo United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Agricultural Service Isevisi Yomhlaba Kazwelonke Yezokudla I-Standard Reference Release 28. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search.