I-gluconeogenesis yinkqubo yokwenza i-glucose ekwenzeni umzimba emithonjeni engekho-carbohydrate efana ne-lactate ne-pyruvate. Kuyinto i-biosynthesis ye-glucose entsha, hhayi i-Gluconeogenesis ingabonakala njengenqubo eguquguqukayo ye-anabolic ye-glycolysis, ukwehla nokukhishwa kwamandla kusuka ku-glucose.
Ukudla okuvamile ngokudla okuphansi kwe-Carb
Wonke amangqamuzana omzimba wethu angasebenzisa i-glucose, futhi abambalwa bancike kuso.
Uma udle ukudla okuvamile, umzimba wakho uthola i-glucose eningi kusuka ekudleni kokudla kwama-American okudlayo. Isibonelo, ama-starches (amaningi ezinhlameni ezihlanganisa ufulawa, amazambane, njll.) Yizinhlobonhlobo ezinde kakhulu ze-glucose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela okwenzeka ngokwemvelo njengokweshukela okweneziwe kuningi ekudleni kwabantu abaningi. Nokho, uma ama-carbohydrate engadli, umzimba uzokwenza i-glucose eminye imithombo. Yize le nqubo isebenzisa amandla ngokweqile futhi iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuthi umzimba uthola kanjani amandla, i-gluceoneogenesis ingumsebenzi ozungeza umzimba wakho ukuze uthole nokugcina amandla okudinga ukuqhuba imisebenzi evamile yomzimba.
I-gluconeogenesis nesibindi sakho
Inqubo ye-gluconeogenesis yenzeka ngokuyinhloko esibindi, lapho i-glucose yenziwa ngamamino acids (amaprotheni), i-glycerol (umhlane we- triglycerides , i-molecule yokugcina i-fat storage), kanye ne-glucose metabolism abaxhumanisi abafana ne-lactate ne-pyruvate.
I-Lactate ikhiqizwa ukuwohloka kwezicubu ze-muscle futhi ithunyelwe esibindi ngegazi. Ebusuku, lapho singadli amahora amaningana, umzimba uqala ukwakhiwa kweglucose usebenzisa i-gluconeogenesis. Nansi indlela inqubo esebenza ngayo.
Izinyathelo ezintathu ku-Gluconeogenesis
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-pyruvate kuya e-phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) yisinyathelo sokuqala ku-gluconeogenesis. Kunezinyathelo eziningana ezidingekayo Ukuze uguqule i-pyruvate ku-PEP kuhlanganise ne-enzyme ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, i-pyruvate carboxylase, i-PEP carboxykinase, kanye ne-malate dehydrogenase yibo abangela ukuguqulwa. I-pyruvate carboxylase itholakala ku-mitochondria futhi iguqulela i-pyruvate ibe i-oxaloacetate. I-Oxaloacetate ayikwazi ukudlula izimbungulu ze-mitochondria, ngakho-ke kufanele iguqulwe kuqala ibe yi-malate yi-malate dehydrogenase. I-malate ingawela ulwelwesi lwe-mitochondria ibe yi-cytoplasm lapho liguqulwa khona libe yi-oxaloacetate nelinye i-malhydrogenase yamalate. Ekugcineni, i-oxaloacetate iguqulwa ibe yi-PEP nge-PEP carboxykinase. Izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilandelayo zifana ne-glycolysis kuphela inqubo ehamba phambili.
- Isinyathelo sesibili esingafani ne-glycolysis ukuguqulwa kwe-fructose-1,6-bP ku-fructose-6-P ngokusetshenziswa kwe-enzyme fructose-1,6-phosphatase. Ukuguqulwa kwe-fructose-6-P kuya-glucose-6-P isebenzisa i-enzyme efanayo ne-glycolysis, i-phosphoglucoisomerase.
- Isinyathelo sokugcina esihlukile ku-glycolysis ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose-6-P kuya kweglucose nge-enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. Le-enzyme itholakala ku-reticulum endoplasmic.
Ukubaluleka Kwe-Glucose Emzimbeni Wakho Nobuncu Bakho
I-glucose ingumthombo omkhulu wamandla omzimba nobuchopho. I-gluconeogenesis iqinisekisa ukuthi uma kungekho glucose ivela glycolysis ukuthi imingcele ebalulekile ye-glucose igcinwa uma ama-carbohydrate engekho. Ubuchopho bodwa busebenzisa amagremu angu-100 we-glucose ngosuku. Umzimba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokushesha i-glucose yamandla.
Imithombo:
I-Dietary Reference Intakes Yamandla, I-Carbohydrate, I-Fiber, I-Fat, Fatty Acids, i-Cholesterol, iProtheni, ne-Amino Acids (i-Macronutrients) (2005), i-Institute of Medicine, iBhodi Yokudla Nezokudla, i-National Academy of Sciences.
I-Medical Biochemistry Page.com NgoJanuwari 2016.
UC Davis. I-gluconeogenesis. ChemWiki 2016.