Abantu bonke kulo lonke elase-US bayaqhubeka bethola izinqumo zabo ezihlobene nokudla ezinqunywe izici zesakhiwo, njengokutholakala kokudla ezikhungweni ezinkulu abahlala kuzo. Embikweni wamuva, Ukufaka Ukuguqula Ukukhishwa, okukhishwe yi-The John Hopkins Center ngekusasa elinokuthenjelwa, abalobi uClaire Fitch noRaychel Santo banikezela ukubuka ngokubanzi kokuthengwa kokudla kwezikhungo kanye nokulinganisa kokusebenza ekushintsheni.
Ngokusho kukaFitch and Santo, ngonyaka ka-2014, izinkampani ezintathu zokuphatha izinkonzo zokudla (iCompass, i-Aramark, ne-Sodexo) zafinyelela cishe kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-33 zamaRandi eNyakatho Melika. Izikhungo ezinkulu, njengezikole, izibhedlela kanye namajele, zivame ukungena ngokuvumelana nezinkampani ezinkulu zokuphatha izinsizakalo zezinzuzo zezimali nezokuphatha. Nakuba lesi sivumelwane ngokuvamile sikwazi ukunikeza izinzuzo eziphawulekayo esikhungweni, okungukuthi ekusebenzeni kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye namanani aphansi omthengi, njengomkhiqizo wokukhiqizwa kwezamabhizinisi aseMelika, kuqhutshwa izibopho eziphawulekayo emvelweni wamanje nezinselele zomphakathi. Njengoba i-Fitch ne-Santo ibonisa kulo mbiko, ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile phakathi kwamaketanga okuhlinzeka ngokudla "kubandakanyeka ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinkokhelo zabasebenzi, nokulahlekelwa ukuzimela kwabalimi kanye nezakhamuzi ngokukhiqizwa kokudla, ukucubungula, ukusabalalisa nokuthengisa."
Njengoba isithakazelo esasakazeka ohlelweni lwezokudla sase-US siyaqhubeka sikhula, kunjalo nesithakazelo ekuthengeni kokudla kwezikhungo kanye nokuhleleka kwesistimu yesifunda, nokusimamisa kokuthengwa kokudla. Njengoba i-Fitch ne-Santo igcizelela, ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo ohlelweni lokuthengwa kokudla okwamanje lungaqala ushintsho olukhulu ngokubanzi kwezenhlalo, ezemvelo nezempilo.
Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuthengwa kwesifundazwe phakathi kwezikhungo kukhula. Naphezu kwalokhu kuqhubekela phambili, izithintelo eziningana ezibonwayo, ezifana nomthwalo wokuphatha wokukhomba nokuthenga kusuka kubakhiqizi besifunda, ukungahambisani nokunikezwa kwamanani, ukuqhubeka nokuvimbela izikhungo ekuhloleni, noma ngokuzithokozisa ngokugcwele, ukudla okukhiqizwa endaweni kanye nokugcinwa ngokuqhubekayo. Eziningi zezingqinamba ezibonwayo, kanye nezindlela ezingase zikwazi ukunqoba, zihanjiswe kwezinye izicwaningo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Fitch ne-Santo igxila ikakhulukazi emkhakheni owodwa - uhlelo lokukhokhiswa kwezindleko ezisezinkontileka zesistimu yokudla - ngaphambi kokuba lo mbiko ushiywe ngokukhululekile.
Lo mkhuba, lapho izinkampani ezinkulu zokuphatha ukudla zidinga isaphulelo ngamaphesenti athile okuthengiswa komkhiqizo, iphoqa umphakeli ukuba "amake inani lentengo yaleso mali ukuze ikhasimende-isikhungo-sikhokhe inani lentengo, futhi umehluko uya enkampanini yokuphatha ", uchaza u-Fitch ne-Santo ku-" Ukufaka Ukuguqula ". Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-21, i-Volume Discount Allowances (VDAs), noma izaphulelo, ziye zaba yingxenye enkulu yezinhlobo zebhizinisi lezinkonzo zokudla. Ukubaluleka kwabo, okuhlangene nokungabi khona kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezizungezile ukubaluleka kwezizabelo zamanje, kwengeza uhlaka oluyinkimbinkimbi ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwesifunda, olwenziwe ngokuthengwa kokudla.
I-Santo ne-Fitch iphetha kulo mbiko wokuthi, "Ukulindela okuphelele kwezinkokhelo zokukhokha intela ezinkampanini zokuphathwa kwezinsiza zokudla kungakhuthaza abakhiqizi bezifunda abazimele ukuba bathuthukise amanani abo ukuze bangene emakethe yezinsiza zokudla, noma-uma abakhiqizi bezifunda bengathandi noma bengakwazi ukuphakamisa amanani abo nokunikeza izikhwama-kungavimbela abaphathi besayithi ukuba bakwazi ukuthenga kusuka emapulazini wesifunda. "
Ngenkathi ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwesimiso sokuvuselela kubaluleke kakhulu, uFitch noSanto bayavuma imizamo yezinhlelo zikahulumeni, ezifana ne-USDA's Know Your Farmer, Yazi Ukudla Kwakho, kanye nezinhlangano ezinjengezokwelapha ngaphandle kokulimaza, iNational Farm kuya School School, Inselele Yokudla Kweqiniso, kanye Ukudla kweSikole.
Le mizamo, eye yenze ukuba izikhungo eziningi zivela emapulazini angakini naphakathi kwamapulazi wendawo, ukubonakala ngokucacile futhi kube nokukwazi ukuholela emizamweni ejulile yokwenza uhlelo lokuthengwa kokuthengwa kokudla okulinganayo.
Lo mbiko uqukethe izincomo ngezindlela abantu, izikhungo kanye nabakhiqizi abangabasiza ngazo ezingasiza ekushintsheni uhlelo lokuthenga ukudla. Lezi ziphakamiso zihlanganisa:
- Abathengi bezikhungo baqhubeka beveza imibono yabo ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokuthengwa kwezikhungo zabo. I-Finch ne-Santo basikisela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhona, njenge-Real Food Challenge, enikeza ibhokisi lamathuluzi lomkhankaso kubafundi abanentshisekelo ekuthonyeni izinqubomgomo zabo zokuthola izinto zasekolishi noma eyunivesithi. Ukwengeza, uMhlahlandlela Wokudla Wempilo unikeza isiqondiso ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokuthengwa kwesifunda, ukudla okukhiqizwa kahle.
- Abasebenzi bezinsiza zokudla kanye nabenzi bezinqumo ezikhungweni ezihlolisisa izinqubomgomo nezinkampani ezikhona, futhi baqhubeka bezwakala izicelo zabo zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuthenga ukudla.
- Abanikazi bezinqubomgomo basekela imizamo yomthetho mayelana nezinqubomgomo zokuthengwa kwempahla eziye zaphumelela kwamanye amazwe, njengokhetho olugunyaziwe lwemikhiqizo yokudla olukhulile noma olukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesimo eMassachusetts .
- Ukujoyina umkhandlu wenqubomgomo yendawo yokudlela, ukubhala izikhulu ezikhethiwe zendawo, ukubamba izenzakalo ukuqwashisa ngomthelela wezinqubomgomo zokuthengwa kwezikhungo, noma ukuzithandela ngenhlangano esebenze kakade ngalezi zinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zincomo ezithile, u-Fitch no-Santo bamemezela ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa nokwandisa ukufinyelela komphakathi ezinkambisweni zamabhuku kanye namarekhodi ezinkampani. Njengoba bethi "Ukufaka Ukuguqulwa Kwezinguquko," "ukukhanya okubonakala kuyoholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe."
Amathuluzi engeziwe nezinsiza kulabo abanesithakazelo ekwenzeni ushintsho kwezinqubomgomo zokuthenga zingatholakala esigabeni sokugcina sombiko (isb. 31-32). Umbiko ogcwele uyatholakala lapha.