Kungani uMarathon 26.2 Amamitha?
Umncintiswano wokuqala obizwa ngokuthi i- marathon wenziwa ngo-1896 emidlalweni yokuqala ye-Olimpiki yama-Olympic e-Athens, eGrisi, kodwa izimpande zomkhondo we-marathon zibuya kakhulu. Ukugijima kwebanga elide kwaba yinto yokugcina yale midlalo yama-Olimpiki futhi kwakuhloswe ukudala futhi kugubhe ukuqhutshwa komlando kaPheidippides (Phidippides) ngo-490 BC.
Ngalolo nyaka, amaPheresiya ahlasela iGrisi, efika eduze nezintambo zaseMarathon esogwini lwasempumalanga yeGreece.
U-Pheidippides, i-hemerodromo, noma umgijimi wase-Athene-isithunywa, wathunyelwa ku-Sparta ukucela usizo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izithunywa zesiGreki zikholelwa ukuthi zikwazi ukumboza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho komlando, Pheidippides wayengumgijimi ovelele futhi wahlanganisa amakhilomitha angu-250 ukuya eSparta ngezinsuku ezimbili kuphela, okuningi kuwo endaweni engafanelekile neyodwa.
Ngeshwa, lapho uPheidippides efika e-Sparta, idolobha laliphakathi komkhosi wenkolo ongazange uvumele ukuba baqoqe amabutho kuze kube yinyanga egcwele. Lapho amaSpartans egcina ehamba e-Athene ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, impi yayivele iphelile. Nakuba kwakukhulu kakhulu i-Army yasePheresiya ehlasela, abase-Athene babenqobe isitha sabo, babulala amasosha angu-6 400 asePheresiya futhi balahlekelwa ambalwa kakhulu amadoda abo.
Indaba yesibili (mhlawumbe evamile) ithi Pheidippides wagijima esuka e-Athene waya eMarathon ukuba ahlanganyele empini, bese ebuya ngezindaba zokunqoba okukhulu kwe-Athene.
Ucabanga ukuthi ugijime umzila owawuyisa eningizimu ngasogwini futhi waya ngaphesheya kochungechunge lwamagquma angasogwini ngaphambi kokuya e-Athene, ibanga eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-25 ukusuka emathafeni aseMarathon. Ngokombiko, uPheidippides wamemezela, "Thokozani, sinqoba!" Njengoba efika e-Athene. Kuthiwa lawowawa magama akhe okugcina ngaphambi kokuwa nokufa.
UMarathon Wokuqala Wokuqala
Umzila oya e-Athene owawuphethwe uPheidippides wabuye wadalwa kabusha kulezo zemiidlalo yokuqala ye-Olimpiki yaseGrisi, lapho abagijimi bezemidlalo begijima khona bevela emathafeni aseMarathon baye enkundleni ye-Olimpiki edolobheni lase-Athene. Umncintiswano waseGrithani ogama lakhe linguSpiridon Loues wanqoba lesi sigameko, okuyinto eyona yodwa indondo yegolide emlandweni nasemkhakheni owawunqotshwa izwe lakubo ngonyaka. Namuhla, i-Athene Marathon isebenza njalo ngoNovemba, ihlinzeka abahlanganyeli bomncintiswano ithuba lokuqhuba inkambo efanayo, emlandweni.
IThe Legend of Pheidippides Lives On
Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando zibeka ukungabaza ukuthi uhambo lukaPheidippides luhamba kahle, emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, usalokhu eyala inhlonipho nesimo esidumile phakathi kwabagijimi be-marathon kanye nama-aficionados njengendlela yokuqala yokuhamba. Ngesinye isikhathi ngezinye izikhathi ukhulunywa ngazo ezimpawu zombukiso we-marathon , ngemigqa efana nokuthi, "Uyazi ukuthi umfana wokuqala ukwenza lokhu wafa, akunjalo?" Noma "Awuthandi uPheidippides esefile lapha?"
Ngakho-ke, kungani i-marathon ibanga 26.2 amamitha?
Uma umzila kaPheidippides ovela eMarathon ukuya e-Athene wawungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-25, kungani i-marathon yamanje ibanga manje ngamamayela angu-26.2?
Ngomqhudelwano wokuqala wanamuhla ngo-1896 futhi cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nambili emva kwalokho, ibanga elisemthethweni laliqhele ngamamayela angu-25. Lokho kwakukude ukuhamba emncintiswaneni we-Olympic ka-1900 eParis naseMarathon e-Olympic ngo-1904 eSt.
Louis, kanye nebanga leBoston Marathon, elaqala ngo-1897.
Khona-ke, emidlalweni yama-Olympic yase-London ye-1908, iBrithani yenzelwa inkambo yezemidlalo eyaqala e-Windsor Castle, ngakho umndeni wasebukhosini ubona ukuqala komncintiswano, futhi uqedile enkundleni ye-Olympic. Ngalezo zinsuku, izifundo zomncintiswano azizange ziqinisekiswe, ngakho akekho oye waba nenselele ekuqiniseni inkambo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, inkambo ye-marathon ye-Olympic ka-1908 yayingamakhilomitha angu-26 kanye namamitha angu-385 (26.2 miles) futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi isizathu, lokho kube yizinga lemfundo yamagoli ezayo. Ngakho-ke, uma uke wakhathazeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokugcina esingu-1.2 miles we-marathon (futhi, sihlangane nakho, ngubani ongenaso isikhathi esinzima ngaleso sikhathi?), Ungabonga ama-Brits ngokukunika leyo mile eyengeziwe futhi ushintshe .
Ngingakugijimaphi I-Marathon?
Awudingi ukuhamba eGreece ukuze uqalise inkambo yokuqala yemarathon. Hlola lezinhlu zamanye ama-marathoni amahle kakhulu agijima kulo lonke elase-US nasemhlabeni jikelele.
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> Imithombo:
> Higdon, Hal. I-Marathon: Umhlahlandlela WokuQala Wokuqeqesha Nezokujaha . I-New York: Rodale, ngo-1993.
> "Pheidippides" http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/ancient-history-greece-biographies/pheidippides
> "Pheidippides & Marathon Wokuqala" https://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/15_p1.html