I-FDA ixwayisa abanye ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa okunye kokudla kwezilwandle
Kuzo zonke izinto ezilungile, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwandle zasolwandle ezifana ne-saumon, ama-shrimp, ne-cod ziqukethe i-mercury encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-mercury esebenzisa izidakamizwa ezitholakala ezidleni zasolwandle akuyona into entsha, futhi, ngokugcwele, inhlanzi inomsoco kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA okwamanje isebenza ngokuvuselela iseluleko sayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zasolwandle ngabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abahlengikazi, abesifazane abalindele ukukhulelwa kanye nezingane ezincane.
Ngokuqondile, imibhede kanye nabanye abaningi bakhathazekile ngomonakalo omkhulu wezinzwa zezinyosi ezinjengama-mercury angase ahlasele emzimbeni wethu-ikakhulukazi imiphumela yawo emantwaneni nasezingane ezincane kakhulu ezisakhulayo futhi zikhula.
I-Mercury Yenza Kanjani Indlela Yokudla Kwezilwandle?
I-Mercury yenza indlela yokudla ehlathini, inhlanzi, ne-shellfish, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezivamile.
Okokuqala, i-metallic mercury (i-Hg 0 ) eyenziwe ngamapayipi (abizwa yi-Hg 0 ) eyenziwa yizinqubo zombili zemvelo (ucabange ukuthi umlilo usemlilweni noma umsebenzi we-volcanic) nokungcola (ukushisa kwamafutha) kuphakama emkhathini. Ngesinye isikhathi emkhathini, le mercury ixilisiwe ukuze ihlanganise i-mercury engavamile (i-Hg 2+ ) ebuyele emuva emhlabathini njengemvula. Ama-bacteria e-Aquatic afana ne-plankton methylates le mercury (okwakhiwa i-MeHg + noma i-methylmercury), futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa imitha ye-methylmercury kwi-lipids noma ngamafutha ezilwane, okwenza indlela yonke indlela yokudla.
I-fish predator ehlala isikhathi eside phezulu kochungechunge lokudla njengo shark, swordfish, nekosi kingckerel ekugcineni iqoqa amazinga aphezulu aphezulu, okwenza ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abancane bathuthukise izinhlelo ezibuhlungu ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene.
Kungani I-Methylmercury Eyingozi?
Kokubili i-mercury ionized kanye ne-methylmercury bond nge sulfure etholakala amaprotheni ngaleyo ndlela iphazamisa izidalwa zemizimba yethu ngezindlela eziningi nezinokukhathazeka. Ngokuqondile, i-mercury ikhiqiza ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative kumaseli (cabanga ukwakheka kwama-radicals amahhala), ama-microtubules (cabanga ngokuhlukumeza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli) futhi angabangela ngisho nokuzimela komuntu oyingozi.
Ngempela, asiqondi kahle ukuthi i-mercury iyasikhathaza kanjani, kodwa lokho esikwaziyo mayelana nokuphefumula kwe-mercury kuyesabeka.
Nazi ezinye izindlela ezimbi lapho i-methylmercury ingahle idle ngemizimba yethu:
- ubumpumputhe
- i-cerebral palsy
- izinkinga zokukhula
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- ukukhathala
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
- i-ataxia (ukulahlekelwa kokuzikhethela kokuhamba kwemisipha)
- ukuthuthumela kwemisipha
- ukunyakaza
- ukukhubazeka (nge-poisoning eqinile)
- ukufa (ngesifo esinobuthi obukhulu)
- isifo senhliziyo (ucwaningo oluthile olusha luveza ukuthi i-methylmercury ingabangela ukutholakala kwesifo somzimba)
Okuphawulayo, ezinye zalezi zimo ezimbi ezinobuchopho ezinjenge-cerebral palsy nezinkinga zokukhula ziyasebenza ezinganeni kanye nezingane ezincane. Ngakho-ke, i-FDA nezinhlangano ezahlukene zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikhishwe izixwayiso eziqondene nalaba bantu.
Nakuba i-mercury idonswa yi-isibindi nezinso, inomdlavuza omncane kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngamanye amazwi, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba sikwazi ukukhipha i-mercury esetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-methylmercury cishe igxile emkhakheni wezinsipho futhi inhle kakhulu ekunqandeni ukuvinjelwa kwegazi, okwenza ubuchopho nomgogodla zizwele ikakhulukazi imiphumela yayo.
Uketshezi nge-methylmercury kuyinto engalungile, futhi ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-mercury poisoning, i-chelation kanye ne-emesis (ukuhlanza) kuhluleka ukuqeda umzimba wakho wensimbi enzima.
Eqinisweni, ukuvimbela kuphela ukuzivikela esinakho ngokumelene ne-methylmercury. Ngamanye amazwi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nokuphefumula kwe-methylmercury ukugwema ukungenisa kwayo kuqala.
Yini i-Methylmercury ku-Seafood Okushoyo Kuwe?
Njengoba kuboniswe yi-FDA kanye nabanye abaningi, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle ziwumthombo onempilo wamaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zasolwandle ziphansi emafutheni agcwele futhi ziphezulu kuma-fatty acids e-omega-3. Sonke , ngisho nowesifazane okhulelwe kanye nezingane ezincane, kufanele sihlanganise nokudla okunomsoco, okunconyiwe nokunomsoco wezilwandle ekudleni kwethu.
Eqinisweni, ngeseluleko sayo esanda kutholwa, i-FDA empeleni ikhuthaza abesifazane abakhulelwe, omama nabanakekeli banomama balindele ukukhulelwa ukudla ama-ounces angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 wezilwandle zasolwandle ngesonto, kanti izingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kweyisishiyagalombili kufanele zidle ama-ounces amathathu kuya kwangu-6.
Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abanjalo kufanele badle ama-2 kuya ku-3 ama-servings wezinhlanzi zasolwandle ngesonto.
Kodwa-ke, i-FDA iyala abesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abahlengikazi, abesifazane abalindele ukukhulelwa kanye nezingane ezincane ukuba badle izinhlanzi ngokuvamile eziphansi emazingeni we-methylmercury njenge-tilapia, i-catfish, ne-cod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zincoma ngokusetshenziswa kweshaka, i-swordfish, i-king mackerel kanye ne-tilefish ebanjwe eGulf Coast. Ukwengeza, abantu abadla izinhlanzi ezivela emanzini amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele baqaphele izincomo zendawo mayelana namazinga ka-mercury futhi baqaphele ukuvunwa kwezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezingekho iziphakamiso.
Inothi, nakuba i-FDA ibhala i-tuna ehlathini ekheniwe njengephansi kwe-mercury, lokhu kuhlolwa kuphikiswa yizazi eziningi ezixwayisa kakhulu omama abathile nabantwana abancane ukuba bahlale kude ne-tuna.
Sicela uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi naphezu kwalokho engabelane nawe kuze kube manje, izeluleko ze-FDA ziyiseluleko nje. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi ukutholakala okulinganiselwe ngisho nezinkinga zokudla zasolwandle kuyodala ukuphefumula kwe-methylmercury. Isibonelo, uma ukhulelwe noma uhlengikaza futhi ushaya futhi udle i-swordfish steak ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi se-Valentine's brunch nomngane wakho womshado, akudingeki ukuba uphumelele. Zama nje ukuyeka kude nenhlanzi enjalo isikhathi esiningi futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi kulo lonke iviki-iphuzu i-FDA elenza, futhi.
Naphezu kokukhathazeka mayelana ne-methylmercury ezidlweni zasolwandle, iningi labantu baseMelika linamazinga aphansi e-mercury emizimbeni yabo-ngisho nalabo abadla inhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile, inhlanzi ngaphezulu kune-average, noma kokubili. Isibonelo, ukutadisha okusanda kusanda kubangele inani labantu abadala abane-EPA yenani le-mercury concentrations elibhekwa njengengozi (elikhulu noma elilingana no-5.8 micrograms ngalinye ilitha) ngamaphesenti angu-4.6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo esikhulu salinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-0.5 kuphela entsha aneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-19 ebhaliswe ngokuphathelene namazinga egazi le-mercury.
Imithombo ekhethiwe
I-Byrns MC, i-Penning TM. Isahluko 67. Ezokudalwa Kwemvelo: I-Carcinogens Nezimpahla Ezinamandla. Ku: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. ama-eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Baseline of Therapeutics, 12e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
"Ukufundwa Kwengxenyana Yomhlaba Omningi Okuhambisana Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinhlanzi Zamanzi Emanzi Aphuma Emanzini aseRural South Central USA" ngo-Z Dong kanye nabalobi ababambisene nabo abashicilelwe ku- Environmental Research ngo-2015.
"Ukudla izinhlanzi noma ukungadli izinhlanzi" ngo-R Nelson kusukela ku- AJN enyatheliswa ngo-2015.
"Okungaphezu kwengxenye yezingane zase-US ezidla izidlo ezidliwa yizinhlanzi eziningi kanti abaningi banemigomo yegazi le-Mercury ngaphansi kwe-EPA Reference Level, 2009-2012" ngu-SJ Nielsen nabalobi ababambisene nabo enyatheliswa kuyi -Journal of Nutrition Nutritional Epidemiology .