Amabhungane yizinambuzane ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele
Kwabaningi baseMelika, ithemba lokuqothula ezinambuzaneni lingase libukeke sengathi i-downright icky; Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba, owaziwa ngokuthi i- entomophagy noma inselele, uvame emazweni amaningi ashisayo nalawo athuthukayo. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane, njenge-palm weevil, uhlobo lwe-beetle, zibhekwa njengento enhle kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njenge-Asia, i-Afrika neSouth America.
Asikho isizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi amaMelika kufanele acabange ngokucacisa izinambuzane. Empeleni, izinambuzane azifani kakhulu nama-crustaceans, noma i-shellfish, abantu abadlayo nsuku zonke. Izinambuzane kanye ne-shellfish zombili zi- arthropods . Ukwengeza, abantu abaphikisana ne-crawfish, lobster , crab, nezinye i-shellfish bangase babe nezifo ezinambuzane, iphuzu elingabonakali nje ukuthi ukufana kanjani kwezinambuzane nama-crustaceans ngempela kuyisixwayiso esingenzeka kubantu ukuphikisana nama-shellfish ukuze ugweme ukudla izinambuzane, futhi.
Ngokuvamile, kunezizathu eziningi zokudla izimbungulu.
Okokuqala, izimbungulu zigcwele amaprotheni namafutha angenalutho , okwenza kube yizikhundla ezilungele izinkukhu nezinhlanzi.
Okwesibili, ukuvuna izinambuzane kungcono kakhulu kwezemvelo kunokukhuphula imfuyo. Ngokucacile, imfuyo ibangela amaphesenti angu-14 we-greenhouse gas emissions okhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke ngaleyo ndlela yenza umthelela omkhulu ekufudumeni kwezwe, okunganciphisa uma abantu abaningi bedla izimbungulu esikhundleni sezinyama.
Okwesithathu, izidingo zomhlaba wonke zamaphrotheni kulindeleke ukuthi zibe ngaphezu kwama-double emazweni asathuthuka ngo-2050. Izakhamizi eziningi zamazwe asathuthuka azikwazi ukuthenga inyama kodwa zingakwazi ukukhokhela izinambuzane.
Okwesine, ukuvunwa kwezinambuzane kubangela amathuba omnotho kubantu abenzayo emazweni asathuthuka. Abaningi balaba bantu bangabesifazane abahlala emaphandleni.
Emhlabeni wonke, izidakamizwa zivame ukusetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, okuyinto enengqondo ngoba amaphesenti angu-40 azo zonke izinambuzane eziphuma lapho kukhona izinyosi. Ake sibuke amaqembu ayisithupha ezinambuzane ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yokunciphisa imvamisa. (Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amagama ama-insect oda noma ama-suborders aphakathi kwabakwa-parentheses.)
1 - ama-beetle (Coleoptera)
Ngokuvamile, izibungu kuphela ze-beetle-futhi ezingadli ngokugcwele-izibhungane zidliwa abantu. E-Cameroon, abesifazane abavuna i-weevil yesundu babeka izindlebe zabo esihlahleni somuthi wesihlahla emzamweni wokulalela izibungu. Laba besifazane balalela izibungu ku-instar, isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke zokudla.
Ngaphandle kwe-palm weevil, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ze-beetle ezidliwa emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nezimbongolo zasemanzini, izibungu ezithwala izinkuni, nezibungu zezibungu.
ENetherlands, izinhlobo zemifino yokudla-ikakhulukazi, izimpethu ezincane zokudla, izigubhu eziphuzi kanye ne-superworm-zisetshenziselwa ukondla izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezinhlanzi. Abantu baseNetherlands bayakhuthazwa ukuba badle izinambuzane ezinjalo ngenxa yokudla kwabo okunomsoco, futhi ezitolo ezikhethekile, izinkumbi zokudla nazo ziyatholakala njengokudla kwabantu.
2 - Izibungu (Lepidoptera)
Nakuba abantu abavela kwamasiko athile badla izimvemvane ezikhulile nezimbongolo, abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele abadla laba bahlaziyi bayadla njengezibungu noma izibungu. Isibonelo eMexico, izibungu ezinamandla zibaluleka ngabalimi futhi zithatha kuyilapho izibungu. Lezi zimbungulu ezinomsoco zinama-braised noma othosiwe ngokujulile. Zingahle zibe nezinyosi nge-spicy sauce futhi zikhonjiswe ku-tortilla. Lezi zinambuzane nazo ziphakathi "kwezibungu" ezitholakalayo emabhodleleni omoya ophuza utshwala we-mezcal.
Isibungu esithandwayo kakhulu esidliwa emhlabeni jikelele yiqembu le-mopane, elitholakala emahlathini ase-mopane. Izihlahla ze-mopane ziwumhlaba omkhulu ohlala eNingizimu Afrika, eMozambique, eNamibia, eBotswana, e-Angola nokuningi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izibungu eziyizigidi ezingu-9,5 zivuna minyaka yonke eNingizimu ye-Afrika kanjalo zivuna u-$ 85 million ngonyaka ekuthengiseni.
3 - Izinyosi, Izinyosi Nezintuthwane (Hymenoptera)
Izintuthwane ziyizilwane ezinhle kakhulu futhi zinenzuzo engafanele kubantu. Ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengezintandokazi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, izintuthwane nazo zihlanganyela emabhayisikili ezinomsoco futhi ziyindlela yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezitshalweni.
Izimpungushe nezimpondo ze-ant weaver zidla okuthandwayo e-Asia lapho zibizwa khona ngokuthi "amaqanda anamantombazane." EThailand, la maqanda ahloswane athengiswa enganini! Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthwane ebomvu, etholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba aseChina, eMalaysia, eBangladesh, e-India naseSri Lanka, isetshenziswe njengesithako ekudleni kwezempilo kanye ne-tonic, etholakala ezimakethe zaseShayina.
EJapane, izimpungushe zejacket ephuzi, uhlobo lwe-wasp, luyisidlo kanye nempahla, okungeziwe, ngaphandle kokuvunwa endaweni yangaphandle, idinga ukungeniswa kusuka eVietnam nase-Australia ukusiza ukuhlangabezana nokufuna.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, naphezu kokudla okunomsoco kakhulu futhi ucebile ngama-amino acids, amandla, amaminerali abalulekile namavithamini e-B , amancane aziwa ngokuthi kungenzeka yini izinyoni zezinyosi, hhayi ubusi-njengomthombo wokudla. Njengezidalwa zokuhlala, izinyosi zingalinywa kalula.
Kanye namaqabunga, amaqanda ezinyosi, izibungu nezimpungushe (okubizwa ngokuthi yizinyosi) ziwumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokudla kwezinambuzane enyakatho yeThailand. Eqinisweni, enyakatho yeThailand, i-bee brood ixabiswa kakhulu kanti ikakhulukazi iyabiza emakethe.
4 - Ama-Grasshoppers, izinkumbi namaCricket (i-Orthoptera)
Kungenzeka ukuthi uma ubona ingcosana, kuyodla. Iningi lezinhlobo ezingu-80 ezinwabuzelayo ezitholakala emhlabeni jikelele ziyadliwa. Ezwe laseNigeria laseNtshonalanga Afrika, amakhwekithi athengiswa emgwaqeni njengendlela yokudla okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMexico, i- chapuline , okuyinto edlalwa kakhulu ikhilikithi edlalwayo eLatin America, ihlanzwa bese igwetshwa ngelamula, i-garlic, nosawoti ukunambitha.
Izinkumbi zenzeka ngezibungu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulula ukubamba. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkumbi zifuduka, ziyizinjabulo zonyaka kuphela e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izinhlobo ezidumile zezinkumbi ezidliwayo zihlanganisa izinkumbi ezibomvu, izinkumbi ezibomvu, nezinkumbi zasogwadule. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkumbi zibhekwa njengezinambuzane, zivame ukufuthwa nge-organophosphate pesticides. Izinkumbi ezonakele nezibulala-zinambuzane ziye zabanjwa eKoitit ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Ama-grasshoppers nezikhonyane ziqoqwa ekuseni ngoba zibandayo futhi zihamba kahle ngesikhathi sokushisa ekuseni.
Amakhilikithi akwazi ukulima ngenxa yokuthi anemijikelezo ende yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zekhilikithi ezithengiswa ngokudayisa: Gryllus bimaculatus no- Acheta domesticus . Ngokudabukisayo, abaseCambodia bahlakulele ukunambitheka kwala makhilikithi ezentengiselwano futhi bawakhetha emakhakheni abanjwe endle ngoba athi ama-cricket asemafama athole kangcono. Enye into ethakazelisayo: Ngaphezu kokudliwa, amakhilikithi e-China nawo agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo futhi agijimela ekamelweni likhilikithi
I-Cicadas (i-Hemoptera)
Uma uhlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States, kungenzeka wazi ngezikhathi ze-cicadas. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-brozzs alawa maphezi aphikisayo aphuma emhlabathini ngemuva kokuchitha iminyaka engaba ngu-17 emhlabathini ephuza uphethi lomuthi. Ukudla kwabo, okucebile kwezitshalo, kunikeza i-cicadas i-asparagus-like flavor uma idliwe eluhlaza. AmaCicadas nawo angabiliswa futhi ahlanziwe futhi aphekwe ku-quiche, pies, nama-cookies.
I-Pentatomid Bugs (i-Heteroptera)
Izimbungulu ze-Pentatomid zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izimbungulu zezihlangu noma izimbungulu ezinamafutha. E-Afrika engaphansi kwe-Sahara, izidakamizwa ze-pentatomid ziyadliwa, futhi amafutha avela ku-bug aqoqwe futhi asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-pentatomid bug ezisetshenziselwa ukudla ziyimvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, eMexico, izinhlobo eziningana ze-bug pentatomid bug zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i- ahuhutle , noma i-caviar yaseMexico. Lezi zimbungulu ze-pentatomid zasemanzini zihlwanyelwa abalimi.
> Imithombo:
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> Van Huis A. Izinambuzane ezidliwayo yikusasa. Izinqubo zeNutrition Society. 2016; 75: 294-305.
> Van Huis A et al. Izinambuzane ezidliwayo: Amathemba Ekusasa Wokudla Nokudla Kokudla . I-Rome: i-FAO; 2013.
> Yen AL. Ukulondolozwa kwe-Inomcthagy and Insect: Ezinye Izinkolelo Zokugaya. I-Journal of Insect Conservation. 2009; 13: 667-670.