Ifilosofi ye-yoga sutras yasePatanjali
Kucatshangwa ukuthi i- Y oga Sutras yasePatanjali ibhalwe phansi cishe ngonyaka ka-250 CE. Nakuba bengakhulumi ngokuqondile ngemikhuba ye-yoga ngaphambi , ngokuvamile baqanjwa njengesizathu sefilosofi se-yoga yangemva kwe-yoga. I-sutras ichaza "izingalo" eziyisishiyagalombili ze-yoga. (I-Sanskrit igama lamalungu ayisishiyagalombili ngu- Ashtanga .) Ingalo ngayinye ihlobene nesici sokuthola impilo enempilo nokufezayo, futhi ngamunye wakhela phezu kwayo ngaphambi kwayo, echaza indlela yogi oyifunayo yokulandela.
Lezi ziqondiso zisuka ezicini eziyisisekelo nezingenasici zokuphila kwansuku zonke kuya ekufinyeleleni okuphakeme kokukhanya. Ungase umangale uma uthola ukuthi eyodwa kuphela yamalungu ayathinteka ekusebenzeni kwe-yoga postures. Ukufika kokubaluleka kohlangothi lwe- hatha ngokomzimba we-yoga empeleni kuyithuthukisiwe yamuva emlandweni omude we-yoga.
Amalungu ayisishiyagalombili anjengoba:
1. Yama
I-yamas emihlanu yiziqondiso zokuziphatha ezihloswe ukuqondisa ukuziphatha komsebenzi kwabanye. Kunjalo:
- I-Ahimsa : Ukungabikho komthetho kwabanye. U-Ahimsa uvame ukukhonjwa njengengxabano yokukhetha ukudla okutshala imifino.
- I-Satya : Ukuyiqiniso.
- I-Asteya : Ungabi ukweba kwabanye. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kwakunencazelo yangempela ekuqaleni, kuye kwandiswa ukuthi kusho ukungabeki abanye phansi ukuze uzakhele.
- I-Brahmacharya : Ubumsulwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kusho ukunqotshwa noma ukulawula izifiso zobulili kungavulwa ukuchazwa.
- Aparigraha : Ungafisi lokho abanye abanakho.
2. Niyama
Ngenkathi i-yamas iqondisa ukuziphatha komuntu kwabanye, ama-niyamas achaza indlela yokuziphatha ngokwemvelo. Ngokubambisana, lezi zigaba ezimbili zomthetho zazihloswe ukuqondisa omunye endleleni yokuphila elungile. Nazi ama-niyamas:
- Saucha : Ukuhlanzeka. Kanti futhi, mhlawumbe incazelo ewusizo ekuqaleni kepha incazelo yesimanje igcina izinhloso zakho zihlanzekile.
- I-Santosa : Ukwaneliseka ngokwakho.
- I-Tapas : Ukuzithiba. Ukuba nokuzibophezela ukugcina umkhuba.
- I-Svadhyaya : Ukuzitadisha . Ukuba nesibindi sokubheka ngaphakathi kwakho izimpendulo.
- Isvara pranidhana : Ukuzinikela kumandla aphezulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kunguNkulunkulu noma ukwamukelwa ukuthi izwe lilawulwa ngamandla ngaphandle kwelawulo lethu lifika kuwe.
3. Asana
Umkhuba we-yoga postures, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sikaPatanjali igama elithi ngaphambi lisho isihlalo. Izimo ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi cishe zazihlezi ezikhundleni ezizindelwe ukuzindla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalokho esizokuqaphela njengendlela yokuhlaziywa kwe-yoga yanamuhla kwenzeka kamuva.
4. Pranayama
Umkhuba wokuphefumula umzimba . Ukukhetha ukulawula umoya ngemiphumela ethize.
5. Pratyahara
Ukuhoxiswa kwezinzwa, okusho ukuthi izwe langaphandle aliyona isiphazamiso esivela ezweni langaphakathi ngaphakathi.
6. Dharana
Ukugxila, okusho ukuthi ikhono lokugxila ezintweni ezingaphazanyiswa yiziphazamiso zangaphandle noma zangaphakathi. I-Dharana yakha phezu kwe-pratyahara. Uma ungakunaki isimiso sangaphandle, ungaqala ukuqondisa indawo yakho kwenye indawo.
7. Dhyana
Ukuzindla. Ukwakha i-dharana, uyakwazi ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwakho ngaphezu kweyodwa into ukuze ibe konke-okuhlanganisa.
8. Samadhi
Bliss. Ngemuva kokuthi uzuze i-dhyana, ukudlula kokuziqhenya ngokusebenzisa ukuzindla kungaqala. I-self-merges ne-universe, ngezinye izikhathi ezihunyushwe njengokukhanya.
Imithombo:
Ukukhanya Ekuphileni , BKS Iyengar, 2005.
I-Yoga: I-Iyengar Way , Mira Silva noShyam Mehta, ngo-1990.
Umzimba we-Yoga: Isiqalo Sokusebenza Kwamanje Kwamanje , uMark Singleton, ngo-2010